Abstract
Reinforcement techniques of prompting and shaping were employed to develop handwaving, a useful social greeting response, in four institutionalized retarded subjects. A multiple-baseline design across subjects demonstrated the reliable functioning of the training procedures. Specifically, it showed that training and maintenance of the greeting response by one experimenter was not usually sufficient for generalization of the response to the more than 20 other members of the institution staff who had not participated in the training of the response. However, high levels of generalization to staff members were recorded for three subjects over periods ranging from one to six months after a second experimenter trained and maintained the response in conjunction with the first experimenter. The fourth subject, although never receiving training by a second experimenter, showed similar results following a second training by the first experimenter.
Full text
PDF
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Baer D. M., Wolf M. M., Risley T. R. Some current dimensions of applied behavior analysis. J Appl Behav Anal. 1968 Spring;1(1):91–97. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1968.1-91. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Corte H. E., Wolf M. M., Locke B. J. A comparison of procedures for eliminating self-injurious behavior of retarded adolescents. J Appl Behav Anal. 1971 Fall;4(3):201–213. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1971.4-201. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Garcia E. The training and generalization of a conversational speech form in nonverbal retardates. J Appl Behav Anal. 1974 Spring;7(1):137–149. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1974.7-137. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kale R. J., Kaye J. H., Whelan P. A., Hopkins B. L. The effects of reinforcement on the modification, maintenance, and generalization of social responses of mental patients. J Appl Behav Anal. 1968 Winter;1(4):307–314. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1968.1-307. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lovaas O. I., Koegel R., Simmons J. Q., Long J. S. Some generalization and follow-up measures on autistic children in behavior therapy. J Appl Behav Anal. 1973 Spring;6(1):131–165. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1973.6-131. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lovaas O. I., Simmons J. Q. Manipulation of self-destruction in three retarded children. J Appl Behav Anal. 1969 Fall;2(3):143–157. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1969.2-143. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Redd W. H., Birnbrauer J. S. Adults as discriminative stimuli for different reinforcement contingencies with retarded children. J Exp Child Psychol. 1969 Jun;7(3):440–447. doi: 10.1016/0022-0965(69)90006-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Redd W. H. Generalization of adult's stimulus control of children's behavior. J Exp Child Psychol. 1970 Apr;9(2):286–296. doi: 10.1016/0022-0965(70)90093-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]