Abstract
Following enucleation, an epithelioid type of malignant choroidal melanoma involving the posterior pole was grossly and histologically found to exhibit direct extraocular extension along the emissary for the long posterior ciliary artery and nerve on the temporal side. In addition to a small tumor nodule on the outside of the sclera, melanoma extension was found up to the cut end in the otherwise well preserved ciliary nerve. After tenonectomy, additional extraocular melanoma extension in the core of this long posterior ciliary nerve was demonstrated for a total distance of 5 mm. As a result of the present findings, intraneural melanoma extension into the orbit by the way of a ciliary nerve has to be added to the other possible ways of direct extraocular melanoma extension.
Full text
PDF
Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Albert D. M. Ocular melanoma: a challenge to visual science. Friedenwald lecture. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1982 Nov;23(5):550–580. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BALLANTYNE A. J., MCCARTEN A. B., IBANEZ M. L. THE EXTENSION OF CANCER OF THE HEAD AND NECK THROUGH PERIPHERAL NERVES. Am J Surg. 1963 Oct;106:651–667. doi: 10.1016/0002-9610(63)90074-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dodd G. D., Dolan P. A., Ballantyne A. J., Ibanez M. L., Chau P. The dissemination of tumors of the head and neck via the cranial nerves. Radiol Clin North Am. 1970 Dec;8(3):445–461. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Duffin R. M., Straatsma B. R., Foos R. Y., Kerman B. M. Small malignant melanoma of the choroid with extraocular extension. Arch Ophthalmol. 1981 Oct;99(10):1827–1830. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1981.03930020701016. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gärtner J., Nover A. Licht- und elektronemikroskopische Beobachtungen an Gefässeinbrüchen bei Aderhautmelanom. Ophthalmologica. 1969;157(6):414–426. doi: 10.1159/000305706. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Larson D. L., Rodin A. E., Roberts D. K., O'Steen W. K., Rapperport A. S., Lewis S. R. Perineural lymphatics: myth or fact. Am J Surg. 1966 Oct;112(4):488–492. doi: 10.1016/0002-9610(66)90309-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MOHS F. E., LATHROP T. G. Modes of spread of cancer of skin. AMA Arch Derm Syphilol. 1952 Oct;66(4):427–439. doi: 10.1001/archderm.1952.01530290003001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McLean I. W., Foster W. D., Zimmerman L. E. Uveal melanoma: location, size, cell type, and enucleation as risk factors in metastasis. Hum Pathol. 1982 Feb;13(2):123–132. doi: 10.1016/s0046-8177(82)80116-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Moore C. E., Hoyt W. F., North J. B. Painful ophthalmoplegia following treated squamous carcinoma of the forehead. Orbital apex involvement from centripetal spread via the supraorbital nerve. Med J Aust. 1976 May 1;1(18):657–659. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1976.tb140943.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shammas H. F., Blodi F. C. Orbital extension of Choroidal and ciliary body melanomas. Arch Ophthalmol. 1977 Nov;95(11):2002–2005. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1977.04450110096010. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Spencer W. H. Optic nerve extension of intraocular neoplasms. Am J Ophthalmol. 1975 Sep;80(3 Pt 1):465–471. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(75)90535-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Trobe J. D., Hood C. I., Parsons J. T., Quisling R. G. Intracranial spread of squamous carcinoma along the trigeminal nerve. Arch Ophthalmol. 1982 Apr;100(4):608–611. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1982.01030030610014. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Unsöld R., Safran A. B., Safran E., Hoyt W. F. Metastatic infiltration of nerves in the cavernous sinus. Arch Neurol. 1980 Jan;37(1):59–61. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1980.00500500089018. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wolter J. R. Tenonectomy. Treatment of epibulbar extension of choroidal melanomas. Arch Ophthalmol. 1971 Nov;86(5):529–533. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1971.01000010531008. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]