Skip to main content
The British Journal of General Practice logoLink to The British Journal of General Practice
. 2002 Dec;52(485):1007–1011.

Supporting ethical practice in primary care research: strategies for action.

Wendy A Rogers 1, Lisa Schwartz 1
PMCID: PMC1314473  PMID: 12528589

Abstract

Researchers in primary care share the general ethical obligations of all researchers. However, these obligations may raise different issues in the unique context of primary care. Current professional ethical guidance for primary care research is complex and fragmentary. The newly introduced research governance framework does not specifically address primary care research, and recent changes in legal requirements have significant implications for research. In this paper, ethical issues arising from research in primary care are considered, current standards and resources are described, and strategies for supporting ethical practice are discussed. Four ethical issues are discussed: consent and competence; confidentiality; power relations; and procedural issues. In the final part of the paper, broad strategies to support ethical practice in primary care research are recommended. These include education and resources, greater clarity of relevant standards, financial support, a greater role for primary care networks, and greater public debate.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (66.1 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Al-Shahi R., Warlow C. Using patient-identifiable data for observational research and audit. BMJ. 2000 Oct 28;321(7268):1031–1032. doi: 10.1136/bmj.321.7268.1031. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Braunack-Mayer A., Rogers W. Handling information ethically. Some strategies for discussion. Aust Fam Physician. 2000 Oct;29(10):1005–1008. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Gauld R., McMillan J. Ethics committees and qualitative health research in New Zealand. N Z Med J. 1999 Jun 11;112(1089):195–197. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Jiwa M. The recruitment of non-English speaking subjects into human research. J Med Ethics. 1999 Oct;25(5):420–421. doi: 10.1136/jme.25.5.420-a. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Jones R., Murphy E., Crosland A. Primary care research ethics. Br J Gen Pract. 1995 Nov;45(400):623–626. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Kent G. The views of members of Local Research Ethics Committees, researchers and members of the public towards the roles and functions of LRECs. J Med Ethics. 1997 Jun;23(3):186–190. doi: 10.1136/jme.23.3.186. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Peile E. Supporting primary care with ethics advice and education. BMJ. 2001 Jul 7;323(7303):3–4. doi: 10.1136/bmj.323.7303.3. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Richards Helen Mary, Schwartz Lisa Jennifer. Ethics of qualitative research: are there special issues for health services research? Fam Pract. 2002 Apr;19(2):135–139. doi: 10.1093/fampra/19.2.135. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Rogers W. A. A systematic review of empirical research into ethics in general practice. Br J Gen Pract. 1997 Nov;47(424):733–737. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Rogers W., Braunack-Mayer A. Handling information. Some ethical issues. Aust Fam Physician. 2000 Aug;29(8):806–808. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Sheikh A., Hurwitz B., Parker M. Ethical and research dilemmas arising from a questionnaire study of psychological morbidity among general practice managers. Br J Gen Pract. 2001 Jan;51(462):32–35. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Strobl J., Cave E., Walley T. Data protection legislation: interpretation and barriers to research. BMJ. 2000 Oct 7;321(7265):890–892. doi: 10.1136/bmj.321.7265.890. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Thomas P., Griffiths F., Kai J., O'Dwyer A. Networks for research in primary health care. BMJ. 2001 Mar 10;322(7286):588–590. doi: 10.1136/bmj.322.7286.588. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Wise P., Drury M. Pharmaceutical trials in general practice: the first 100 protocols. An audit by the clinical research ethics committee of the Royal College of General Practitioners. BMJ. 1996 Nov 16;313(7067):1245–1248. doi: 10.1136/bmj.313.7067.1245. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The British Journal of General Practice are provided here courtesy of Royal College of General Practitioners

RESOURCES