Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine logoLink to Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine
. 1982 Jan;46(1):33–38.

Successful experimental challenge of dogs with canine parvovirus-2.

S Carman, C Povey
PMCID: PMC1320191  PMID: 6280819

Abstract

Withholding food from dogs for 24 hours prior to, and for 48 hours following oral challenge with a gut mucosal homogenate of canine parvovirus-2, was a successful means of reproducing gastroenteric signs of canine parvovirus-2 infection. Twenty-one of 24 dogs, which had previously received various vaccine preparations of mink enteritis virus or were unvaccinated, and which were starved at challenge, developed soft or liquid feces with large or without large clots of mucus. Altered feces were most frequent on postexposure day 11. Seven dogs passed frank blood in their stools on one or more occasions and seven dogs vomited sporadically. Pyrexia was noted in 71.6% of the dogs on postexposure day 6 and lymphopenia was detected on postexposure day 5 or 6 in 50% of the dogs monitored. In contrast, four dogs not starved at the time of challenge remained free of gastrointestinal signs apart from one dog which passed a soft stool with scant mucus on one day, postexposure day 6. Also four dogs vaccinated with a killed canine parvovirus-2 vaccine preparation and subsequently starved at the time of challenge, remained clinically healthy. Apart from these last mentioned four dogs, all others shed canine parvovirus-2 in their feces following challenge.

Full text

PDF
33

Images in this article

35Fig. 1.
on p.35
35Fig. 2.
on p.35

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. ABRAMS G. D., BAUER H., SPRINZ H. Influence of the normal flora on mucosal morphology and cellular renewal in the ileum. A comparison of germ-free and conventional mice. Lab Invest. 1963 Mar;12:355–364. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Aldewachi H. S., Wright N. A., Appleton D. R., Watson A. J. The effect of starvation and refeeding on cell population kinetics in the rat small bowel mucosa. J Anat. 1975 Feb;119(Pt 1):105–121. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Altmann G. G. Influence of bile and pancreatic secretions on the size of the intestinal villi in the rat. Am J Anat. 1971 Oct;132(2):167–177. doi: 10.1002/aja.1001320204. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Altmann G. G. Influence of starvation and refeeding on mucosal size and epithelial renewal in the rat small intestine. Am J Anat. 1972 Apr;133(4):391–400. doi: 10.1002/aja.1001330403. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Altmann G. G., Leblond C. P. Factors influencing villus size in the small intestine of adult rats as revealed by transposition of intestinal segments. Am J Anat. 1970 Jan;127(1):15–36. doi: 10.1002/aja.1001270104. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Appel M. J., Scott F. W., Carmichael L. E. Isolation and immunisation studies of a canine parco-like virus from dogs with haemorrhagic enteritis. Vet Rec. 1979 Aug 25;105(8):156–159. doi: 10.1136/vr.105.8.156. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Bienenstock J., Befus A. D. Mucosal immunology. Immunology. 1980 Oct;41(2):249–270. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Binn L. N., Lazar E. C., Eddy G. A., Kajima M. Recovery and characterization of a minute virus of canines. Infect Immun. 1970 May;1(5):503–508. doi: 10.1128/iai.1.5.503-508.1970. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Binn L. N., Lazar E. C., Keenan K. P., Huxsoll D. L., Marchwicki R. H., Strano A. J. Recovery and characterization of a coronavirus from military dogs with diarrhea. Proc Annu Meet U S Anim Health Assoc. 1974;(78):359–366. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Carman P. S., Povey R. C. Experimental challenge of dogs with canine parvovirus-2. Vet Rec. 1980 Nov 8;107(19):447–447. doi: 10.1136/vr.107.19.447. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Carman S., Povey C. The failure of an inactivated mink enteritis virus vaccine in four preparations to provide protection to dogs against challenge with canine parvovirus-2. Can J Comp Med. 1982 Jan;46(1):47–50. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Carmichael L. E., Joubert J. C., Pollock R. V. Hemagglutination by canine parvovirus: serologic studies and diagnostic applications. Am J Vet Res. 1980 May;41(5):784–791. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Dowling R. H., Booth C. C. Structural and functional changes following small intestinal resection in the rat. Clin Sci. 1967 Feb;32(1):139–149. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Dowling R. H., Gleeson M. H. Cell turnover following small bowel resection and by-pass. Digestion. 1973;8(2):176–190. doi: 10.1159/000197312. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Eugster A. K., Bendele R. A., Jones L. P. Parvovirus infection in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1978 Nov 15;173(10):1340–1341. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Gagnon A. N., Povey R. C. A possible parvovirus associated with an epidemic gastroenteritis of dogs in Canada. Vet Rec. 1979 Mar 24;104(12):263–264. doi: 10.1136/vr.104.12.263. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Gleeson M. H., Cullen J., Dowling R. H. Intestinal structure and function after small bowel by-pass in the rat. Clin Sci. 1972 Dec;43(6):731–742. doi: 10.1042/cs0430731. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Hayes M. A., Russell R. G., Babiuk L. A. Sudden death in young dogs with myocarditis caused by parvovirus. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1979 Jun 1;174(11):1197–1203. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Jezyk P. F., Haskins M. E., Jones C. L. Myocarditis of probable viral origin in pups of weaning age. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1979 Jun 1;174(11):1204–1207. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Johnson R. H. Feline panleucopaenia virus. II. Some features of the cytopathic effects in feline kidney monolayers. Res Vet Sci. 1965 Oct;6(4):472–481. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Johnson R. H. Feline panleucopaenia virus. IV. Methods for obtaining reproducible in vitro results. Res Vet Sci. 1967 Apr;8(2):256–264. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Kelly W. R. An enteric disease of dogs reselmbing feline panleucopaenia. Aust Vet J. 1978 Dec;54(12):593–593. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1978.tb02426.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Kelly W. R., Atwell R. B. Diffuse subacute myocarditis of possible viral aetiology: a cause of sudden death in pups. Aust Vet J. 1979 Jan;55(1):36–37. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1979.tb09549.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. LESHER S., WALBURG H. E., Jr, SACHER G. A., Jr GENERATION CYCLE IN THE DUODENAL CRYPT CELLS OF GERM-FREE AND CONVENTIONAL MICE. Nature. 1964 May 30;202:884–886. doi: 10.1038/202884a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Lake A. M., Bloch K. J., Neutra M. R., Walker W. A. Intestinal goblet cell mucus release. II. In vivo stimulation by antigen in the immunized rat. J Immunol. 1979 Mar;122(3):834–837. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. McCandlish I. A., Thompson H., Cornwell H. J., Laird H., Wright N. G. Isolation of a parvovirus from dogs in Britain. Vet Rec. 1979 Aug 25;105(8):167–168. doi: 10.1136/vr.105.8.167. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Miller H. R., Nawa Y. Nippostrongylus brasiliensis: intestinal goblet-cell response in adoptively immunized rats. Exp Parasitol. 1979 Feb;47(1):81–90. doi: 10.1016/0014-4894(79)90010-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Osterhaus A. D., van Steenis G., de Kreek P. Isolation of a virus closely related to feline panleukopenia virus from dogs with diarrhea. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B. 1980;27(1):11–21. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1980.tb01632.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Pierce N. F., Sack R. B., Sircar B. K. Immunity to experimental cholera. III. Enhanced duration of protection after sequential parenteral-oral administration of toxoid to dogs. J Infect Dis. 1977 Jun;135(6):888–896. doi: 10.1093/infdis/135.6.888. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Povey C. Development of a vaccine incorporating killed virus of canine origin for the prevention of canine parvovirus infection. Can Vet J. 1982 Jan;23(1):15–21. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Rhode S. L., 3rd Replication process of the parvovirus H-1. I. Kinetics in a parasynchronous cell system. J Virol. 1973 Jun;11(6):856–861. doi: 10.1128/jvi.11.6.856-861.1973. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Robinson W. F., Wilcox G. E., Flower R. L. Canine parvoviral disease: experimental reproduction of the enteric form with a parvovirus isolated from a case of myocarditis. Vet Pathol. 1980 Sep;17(5):589–599. doi: 10.1177/030098588001700508. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Tennant R. W., Layman K. R., Hand R. E. Effect of cell physiological state on infection by rat virus. J Virol. 1969 Dec;4(6):872–878. doi: 10.1128/jvi.4.6.872-878.1969. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Thomson G. W., Gagnon A. N. Canine gastroenteritis associated with a parvovirus-like agent. Can Vet J. 1978 Dec;19(12):346–346. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Walker W. A., Wu M., Bloch K. J. Stimulation by immune complexes of mucus release from goblet cells of the rat small intestine. Science. 1977 Jul 22;197(4301):370–372. doi: 10.1126/science.877559. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine are provided here courtesy of Canadian Veterinary Medical Association

RESOURCES