Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine logoLink to Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine
. 1982 Oct;46(4):363–369.

Experimental fetal infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus. II. Morphological reactions and distribution of viral antigen.

H B Ohmann
PMCID: PMC1320295  PMID: 6293688

Abstract

The effect of an infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus on fetal bovine tissues as well as the tissue-localization of viral antigen are described. Four bovine fetuses, 120-165 days of gestation, were inoculated in utero with a second passage virus strain. Lymphoid tissues were studied by light and electron microscopy. The infection induced precocious development of the secondary lymphoid organs. Characteristic changes were seen in postcapillary venules, cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system and lymphoid follicles. In all four fetuses the thymus was hypoplastic. In three fetuses this implicated a morphological immaturity, but no actual pathological alterations. In the fourth fetus, the hypoplasia was caused by necrosis and depletion of lymphocytes, attended by infiltration of macrophages. Histopathological changes were also noted in the cerebellum of three fetuses, consisting of necrosis in and depletion of the external germ layer and in the skin and mucous membranes of all four fetuses. The viral antigen was present in cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system, primarily in the lymphoid tissues. The infection was further demonstrated in the affected cerebelli.

Full text

PDF
363

Images in this article

365Fig. 1.
on p.365
365Fig. 2.
on p.365
366Fig. 2.
on p.366
366Fig. 3a.
on p.366
366Fig. 3b.
on p.366
367Fig. 4.
on p.367
367Fig. 5.
on p.367
367Fig. 6.
on p.367
367Fig. 7.
on p.367
368Fig. 8.
on p.368

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Allison A. C. On the role of mononuclear phagocytes in immunity against viruses. Prog Med Virol. 1974;18(0):15–31. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Anderson N. D., Anderson A. O., Wyllie R. G. Microvascular changes in lymph nodes draining skin allografts. Am J Pathol. 1975 Oct;81(1):131–160. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Braun R. K., Osburn B. I., Kendrick J. W. Immunologic response of bovine fetus to bovine viral diarrhea virus. Am J Vet Res. 1973 Sep;34(9):1127–1132. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Brown T. T., Bistner S. I., de Lahunta A., Scott F. W., McEntee K. Pathogenetic studies of infection of the bovine fetus with bovine viral diarrhea virus. II. Ocular lesions. Vet Pathol. 1975;12(5-6):394–404. doi: 10.1177/0300985875012005-00606. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Brown T. T., DeLahunta A., Bistner S. I., Scott F. W., McEntee K. Pathogenetic studies of infection of the bovine fetus with bovine viral diarrhea virus. I. Cerebellar atrophy. Vet Pathol. 1974;11(6):486–505. doi: 10.1177/030098587401100604. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Casaro A. P., Kendrick J. W., Kennedy P. C. Response of the bovine fetus to bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease virus. Am J Vet Res. 1971 Oct;32(10):1543–1562. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Done J. T., Terlecki S., Richardson C., Harkness J. W., Sands J. J., Patterson D. S., Sweasey D., Shaw I. G., Winkler C. E., Duffell S. J. Bovine virus diarrhoea-mucosal disease virus: pathogenicity for the fetal calf following maternal infection. Vet Rec. 1980 Jun 7;106(23):473–479. doi: 10.1136/vr.106.23.473. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Friess A. Interdigitating reticulum cells in the popliteal lymph node of the rat. An ultrastructural and cytochemical study. Cell Tissue Res. 1976 Jul 20;170(1):43–60. doi: 10.1007/BF00220109. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Hartmann H., Heilmann P., Meyer H., Steinbach G. Allgemeines Adaptationssyndrom (Selye) bein Kalb 5. Einfluss erhöhter Glukokortikosteroidwerte auf die Phagozytoseaktivität von Leukozyten, die Funktion der RHS und die Morphologie lymphatischer Organe. Arch Exp Veterinarmed. 1976 Jan 1;30(1):59–73. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Hubbert W. T., Stalheim O. H., Booth G. D. Changes in organ weights and fluid volumes during growth of the bovine fetus. Growth. 1972 Sep;36(3):217–233. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Johnson D. W., Muscoplat C. C. Immunologic abnormalities in calves with chronic bovine viral diarrhea. Am J Vet Res. 1973 Sep;34(9):1139–1141. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Johnson K. P., Ferguson L. C., Byington D. P., Redman D. R. Multiple fetal malformations due to persistent viral infection. I. Abortion, intrauterine death, and gross abnormalities in fetal swine infected with hog cholera vaccine virus. Lab Invest. 1974 May;30(5):608–617. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Kahrs R. F., Scott F. W., de Lahunte A. Congenital cerebella hypoplasia and ocular defects in calves following bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease infection in pregnant cattle. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1970 May 15;156(10):1443–1450. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Kamperdijk E. W., Raaymakers E. M., de Leeuw J. H., Hoefsmit E. C. Lymph node macrophages and reticulum cells in the immune response. I. The primary response to paratyphoid vaccine. Cell Tissue Res. 1978 Aug 25;192(1):1–23. doi: 10.1007/BF00231019. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Kelly R. H. Functional anatomy of lymph nodes. I. The paracortical cords. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1975;48(6):836–849. doi: 10.1159/000231371. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Kendrick J. W. Bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease virus infection in pregnant cows. Am J Vet Res. 1971 Apr;32(4):533–544. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Mims C. A. Factors in the mechanism of persistence of viral infections. Prog Med Virol. 1974;18(0):1–14. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Mims C. A. Pathogenesis of viral infections of the fetus. Prog Med Virol. 1968;10:194–237. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Myking A. O. Responses of the thymus and the paracortex of draining lymph nodes to repeated applications of oxazolone to mouse skin. Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol. 1979 Dec;32(1):11–20. doi: 10.1007/BF02889009. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Ohmann H. B., Jensen M. H., Sørensen K. J., Dalsgaard K. Experimental fetal infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus. I. Virological and serological studies. Can J Comp Med. 1982 Oct;46(4):357–362. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. PRITCHARD W. R. THE BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA-MUCOSAL DISEASE COMPLEX. Adv Vet Sci. 1963;8:1–47. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Sainte-Marie G., Peng F. S. Thymic cell migration in the subnodular spaces of draining lymph nodes of rats. Cell Immunol. 1980 Jun;52(1):211–217. doi: 10.1016/0008-8749(80)90413-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Scott F. W., Kahrs R. F., De Lahunte A., Brown T. T., McEntee K., Gillespie J. H. Virus induced congenital anomalies of the bovine fetus. I. Cerebellar degeneration (hypoplasia), ocular lesions and fetal mummification following experimental infection with bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease virus. Cornell Vet. 1973 Oct;63(4):536–560. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Ward G. M., Roberts S. J., McEntee K., Gillespie J. H. A study of experimentally induced bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease in pregnant cows and their progeny. Cornell Vet. 1969 Oct;59(4):525–538. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. van Ewijk W., van der Kwast T. H. Migration of B lymphocytes in lymphoid organs of lethally irradiated, thymocyte-reconstituted mice. Cell Tissue Res. 1980;212(3):497–508. doi: 10.1007/BF00236513. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine are provided here courtesy of Canadian Veterinary Medical Association

RESOURCES