1Department of Radiology, Institut de Diagnòstic per la Imatge (IDI), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron, 119-129, Barcelona, Spain
2Department of Surgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) Plaça Cívica, Barcelona, Spain
3Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron, 119-129, Barcelona, Spain
4Head of Radiology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron, 119-129, Barcelona, Spain
5Statistics and Bioinformatics Department, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron, 119-129, Barcelona, Spain
6Group of Biomedical Research in Urology, Vall Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron, 119-129, Barcelona, Spain
7Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron, 119-129, Barcelona, Spain
8Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers in Medicine, Quibim S.L. Avenida Aragón 30 13th floor, office I–J, Valencia, Spain
9Clinical Director of Radiology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron, 119-129, Barcelona, Spain
10Head of Department of Urology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron, 119-129, Barcelona, Spain
11Department of Urology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron, 119-129, Barcelona, Spain
© The Author(s) 2026
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