Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Biophysical Journal logoLink to Biophysical Journal
. 1979 Jul;27(1):21–38. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(79)85200-5

Computer simulation of flow-dependent absorption in microperfused short Henle's loop of rats.

A D Baines, D Basmadjian, B C Wang
PMCID: PMC1328545  PMID: 262377

Abstract

With computer simulation we examined the extent to which current theories and experimental data explain function of single microperfused superficial Henle's loops in rats. In the model standard phenomenological equations describe transport; two sets of transport parameters labeled rat and rabbit were taken from published experiments; Michaelis-Menten kinetics in the ascending thick limb were adjusted arbitrarily; tubular radius is either constant or depends on luminal pressure with compliance based on experimental observations; the interstitium is an infinite sink with salt and urea concentrations constant in the cortex and exponentially increasing in the outer medulla; concentrations resemble those found in hydropenic or saline diuretic rats. The following predictions were obtained. The model with rabbit parameters does not recirculate urea and will not operate with high medullary urea concentrations; with rat parameters too much urea recirculates an the results of perfusion with equilibrium solution are not reproduced. Using a compromise between rat and rabbit parameters, the model reproduces water absorption, salt reabsorption, and urea recirculation as observed in vivo in rat loops perfused at 5-40 nl/min. It also simulates perfusion with saline, equilibrium solution, saline plus furosemide, and 300 mM mannitol. When the model includes a short early distal segment, effluent salt concentration reaches a minimum at a 15 nl/min perfusion rate as observed in vivo; however, concentration at the macula densa is a monotonically increasing function of flow. When permeation rate is a function of wall surface area and thickness a better fit to experimental results is produced. However, the effect is small: water absorption alters by 4% or less and effluent salt concentration is reduced by up to 10% at low perfusion rates. Comparison of rigid and compliant loops shows no relationship between transit time per se and reabsorption.

Full text

PDF
21

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Anagnostopoulos T., Kinney M. J., Windhager E. E. Salt and water reabsorption by short loops of Henle during renal vein constriction. Am J Physiol. 1971 Apr;220(4):1060–1066. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1971.220.4.1060. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Antoniou L. D., Burke T. J., Robinson R. R., Clapp J. R. Vasopressin-related alterations of sodium reabsorption in the loop of Henle. Kidney Int. 1973 Jan;3(1):6–13. doi: 10.1038/ki.1973.2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Armsen T., Reinhardt H. W. Transtubular movement of urea at different degrees of water diuresis. Pflugers Arch. 1971;326(3):270–280. doi: 10.1007/BF00592507. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Atherton J. C., Green R., Thomas S. Effects of 0-9 per cent saline infusion on urinary and renal tissue composition in the hydropaenic, normal and hydrated conscious rat. J Physiol. 1970 Sep;210(1):45–71. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1970.sp009195. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Basmadjian D., Baines A. D. Examination of transport equations pertaining to permeable elastic tubules such as Henle's loop. Biophys J. 1978 Dec;24(3):629–643. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(78)85409-5. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Cortell S., Gennari F. J., Davidman M., Bossert W. H., Schwartz W. B. A definition of proximal and distal tubular compliance. Practical and theoretical implications. J Clin Invest. 1973 Sep;52(9):2330–2339. doi: 10.1172/JCI107422. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Foster D. M., Jacquez J. A. Comparison using central core model of renal medulla of the rabbit and rat. Am J Physiol. 1978 May;234(5):F402–F414. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.1978.234.5.F402. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Fowler N., Gonzalez E., Rawlins F. A., Giebisch G. H., Whittembury G. Effect of hypertonic urea and mannitol on distal nephron permeability. Pflugers Arch. 1977 Mar 11;368(1-2):3–11. doi: 10.1007/BF01063448. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Gross J. B., Imai M., Kokko J. P. A functional comparison of the cortical collecting tubule and the distal convoluted tubule. J Clin Invest. 1975 Jun;55(6):1284–1294. doi: 10.1172/JCI108048. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Hebert L. A., Arbus G. S. Renal subcapsular pressure--a new intrarenal pressure measurement. Am J Physiol. 1971 Apr;220(4):1129–1136. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1971.220.4.1129. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Hierholzer K., Wiederholt M. Some aspects of distal tubular solute and water transport. Kidney Int. 1976 Feb;9(2):198–213. doi: 10.1038/ki.1976.21. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Imai M. Function of the thin ascending limb of Henle of rats and hamsters perfused in vitro. Am J Physiol. 1977 Mar;232(3):F201–F209. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.1977.232.3.F201. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Johnston P. A., Lacy F. B., Jamison R. L. Effect of antidiuretic hormone-induced antidiuresis on water reabsorption by the superficial loop of Henle in Brattleboro rats. J Lab Clin Med. 1977 Dec;90(6):1004–1011. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Knox F. G., Willis L. R., Strandhoy J. W., Schneider E. G., Navar L. G., Ott C. E. Role of peritubule Starling forces in proximal reabsorption following albumin infusion. Am J Physiol. 1972 Oct;223(4):741–749. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1972.223.4.741. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Koepsell H., Nicholson W. A., Kriz W., Höhling H. J. Measurements of exponential gradients of sodium and chlorine in the rat kidney medulla using the electron microprobe. Pflugers Arch. 1974;350(2):167–184. doi: 10.1007/BF00586235. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Koh Y. G., Baines A. D. Pressure-flow relationships in Henle's loops and long collapsible rubber tubes. Kidney Int. 1974 Jan;5(1):30–38. doi: 10.1038/ki.1974.4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Källskog O., Lindbrom L. O., Ulfendahl H. R., Wolgast M. Hydrostatic pressures within the vascular structures of the rat kidney. Pflugers Arch. 1976 Jun 22;363(3):205–210. doi: 10.1007/BF00594602. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Morgan T., Berliner R. W. A study by continuous microperfusion of water and electrolyte movements in the loop of Henle and distal tubule of the rat. Nephron. 1969;6(3):388–405. doi: 10.1159/000179741. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. PERLMUTT J. H. Influence of hydration on renal function and medullary sodium during vasopressin infusion. Am J Physiol. 1962 Jun;202:1098–1104. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1962.202.6.1098. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Sanjana V. M., Johnston P. A., Deen W. M., Robertson C. R., Brenner B. M., Jamison R. L. Hydraulic and oncotic pressure measurements in inner medulla of mammalian kidney. Am J Physiol. 1975 Jun;228(6):1921–1926. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1975.228.6.1921. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Schafer J. A., Patlak C. S., Andreoli T. E. Fluid absorption and active and passive ion flows in the rabbit superficial pars recta. Am J Physiol. 1977 Aug;233(2):F154–F167. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.1977.233.2.F154. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Schafer J. A., Patlak C. S., Troutman S. L., Andreoli T. E. Volume absorption in the pars recta. II. Hydraulic conductivity coefficient. Am J Physiol. 1978 Apr;234(4):F340–F348. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.1978.234.4.F340. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Schnermann J. Microperfusion study of single short loops of Henle in rat kidney. Pflugers Arch Gesamte Physiol Menschen Tiere. 1968;300(4):255–282. doi: 10.1007/BF00364298. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Schnermann J., Ploth D. W., Hermle M. Activation of tubulo-glomerular feedback by chloride transport. Pflugers Arch. 1976 Apr 6;362(3):229–240. doi: 10.1007/BF00581175. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Schnermann J., Valtin H., Thurau K., Nagel W., Horster M., Fischbach H., Wahl M., Liebau G. Micropuncture studies on the influence of antidiuretic hormone on tubular fluid reabsorption in rats with hereditary diabetes insipidus. Pflugers Arch. 1969;306(2):103–118. doi: 10.1007/BF00586878. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Schnermann J., Wright F. S., Davis J. M., von Stackelberg W., Grill G. Regulation of superficial nephron filtration rate by tubulo-glomerular feedback. Pflugers Arch. 1970;318(2):147–175. doi: 10.1007/BF00586493. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Schwartz M. M., Venkatachalam M. A. Structural differences in thin limbs of Henle: physiological implications. Kidney Int. 1974 Oct;6(4):193–208. doi: 10.1038/ki.1974.101. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Seely J. F., Dirks J. H. Site of action of diuretic drugs. Kidney Int. 1977 Jan;11(1):1–8. doi: 10.1038/ki.1977.1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Stephenson J. L., Mejia R., Tewarson R. P. Model of solute and water movement in the kidney. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Jan;73(1):252–256. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.1.252. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Valtin H. Sequestration of urea and nonurea solutes in renal tissues of rats with hereditary hypothalamic diabetes insipidus: effect of vasopressin and dehydration on the countercurrent mechanism. J Clin Invest. 1966 Mar;45(3):337–345. doi: 10.1172/JCI105348. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Welling L. W., Welling D. J. Physical properties of isolated perfused basement membranes from rabbit loop of Henle. Am J Physiol. 1978 Jan;234(1):F54–F58. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.1978.234.1.F54. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Wright F. S., Schnermann J. Interference with feedback control of glomerular filtration rate by furosemide, triflocin, and cyanide. J Clin Invest. 1974 Jun;53(6):1695–1708. doi: 10.1172/JCI107721. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Biophysical Journal are provided here courtesy of The Biophysical Society

RESOURCES