1Center for Convergent Technologies, Laboratory for Polymers and Biomaterials, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genova, Italy
2Open University Affiliated Research Centre at Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (ARC@IIT), Genova, Italy
3Center for Human Technologies, Non-coding RNAs and RNA-based therapeutics, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genova, Italy
4Center for Clinical and Computational Genomics, Computational and Chemical Biology, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Aosta, Italy
5Center for Clinical and Computational Genomics, Non-coding RNAs and RNA-based therapeutics, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Aosta, Italy
6Center for Human Technologies, Computational and Chemical Biology, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genvoa, Italy
7Centre Européen de Calcul Atomique et Moléculaire (CECAM), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
© The Author(s) 2026
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.