Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Biophysical Journal logoLink to Biophysical Journal
. 1983 Jun;42(3):225–231. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(83)84390-2

Evidence for negative gating charges in Myxicola axons.

C L Schauf
PMCID: PMC1329231  PMID: 6871369

Abstract

In Myxicola giant axons, the total amount of intramembrane charge available to move over the range -80 to + 120 mV decreases by 23% when the external pH is reduced from 7.3 to 5.5. The remaining charge moves more slowly at the onset of depolarizing pulse, but the rate of charge movement at the end of the pulse is unchanged. In contrast to acidic external pH, intramembrane charge movements are insensitive to alkaline external pH or any change in the internal pH. The results are consistent with a hypothesis in which a portion of the initial outward gating current consists of titratable negative charges moving inward.

Full text

PDF
225

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Armstrong C. M., Bezanilla F. Inactivation of the sodium channel. II. Gating current experiments. J Gen Physiol. 1977 Nov;70(5):567–590. doi: 10.1085/jgp.70.5.567. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Armstrong C. M., Gilly W. F. Fast and slow steps in the activation of sodium channels. J Gen Physiol. 1979 Dec;74(6):691–711. doi: 10.1085/jgp.74.6.691. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Boron W. F., Russell J. M., Brodwick M. S., Keifer D. W., Roos A. Influence of cyclic AMP on intracellular pH regulation and chloride fluxes in barnacle muscle fibers. Nature. 1978 Nov 30;276(5687):511–513. doi: 10.1038/276511a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Brodwick M. S., Eaton D. C. Sodium channel inactivation in squid axon is removed by high internal pH or tyrosine-specific reagents. Science. 1978 Jun 30;200(4349):1494–1496. doi: 10.1126/science.26973. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Bullock J. O., Schauf C. L. Combined voltage-clamp and dialysis of Myxicola axons: behaviour of membrane asymmetry currents. J Physiol. 1978 May;278:309–324. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1978.sp012306. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Bullock J. O., Schauf C. L. Immobilization of intramembrane charge in Myxicola giant axons. J Physiol. 1979 Jan;286:157–171. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1979.sp012611. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Campbell D. T., Hille B. Kinetic and pharmacological properties of the sodium channel of frog skeletal muscle. J Gen Physiol. 1976 Mar;67(3):309–323. doi: 10.1085/jgp.67.3.309. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Carbone E., Fioravanti R., Prestipino G., Wanke E. Action of extracellular pH on Na+ and K+ membrane currents in the giant axon of Loligo vulgaris. J Membr Biol. 1978 Nov 8;43(4):295–315. doi: 10.1007/BF01871693. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Carbone E., Testa P. L., Wanke E. Intracellular pH and ionic channels in the Loligo vulgaris giant axon. Biophys J. 1981 Aug;35(2):393–413. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(81)84798-4. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Chandler W. K., Hodgkin A. L., Meves H. The effect of changing the internal solution on sodium inactivation and related phenomena in giant axons. J Physiol. 1965 Oct;180(4):821–836. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1965.sp007733. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Drouin H., Neumcke B. Specific and unspecific charges at the sodium channels of the nerve membrane. Pflugers Arch. 1974;351(3):207–229. doi: 10.1007/BF00586919. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Drouin H., The R. The effect of reducing extracellular pH on the membrane currents of the ranvier node. Pflugers Arch. 1969;313(1):80–88. doi: 10.1007/BF00586331. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Ehrenstein G., Fishman H. M. Evidence against hydrogen-calcium competition model for activation of electrically excitable membranes. Nat New Biol. 1971 Sep 1;233(35):16–17. doi: 10.1038/newbio233016a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Gilly W. F., Armstrong C. M. Slowing of sodium channel opening kinetics in squid axon by extracellular zinc. J Gen Physiol. 1982 Jun;79(6):935–964. doi: 10.1085/jgp.79.6.935. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Hille B. Charges and potentials at the nerve surface. Divalent ions and pH. J Gen Physiol. 1968 Feb;51(2):221–236. doi: 10.1085/jgp.51.2.221. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Keynes R. D., Rojas E. Kinetics and steady-state properties of the charged system controlling sodium conductance in the squid giant axon. J Physiol. 1974 Jun;239(2):393–434. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1974.sp010575. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Mozhayeva G. N., Naumov A. P., Negulyaev Y. A. Evidence for existence of two acid groups controlling the conductance of sodium channel. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1981 Apr 22;643(1):251–255. doi: 10.1016/0005-2736(81)90238-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Neumcke B., Schwarz W., Stämpfli R. Increased charge displacement in the membrane of myelinated nerve at reduced extracellular pH. Biophys J. 1980 Sep;31(3):325–331. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(80)85062-4. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Nonner W., Spalding B. C., Hille B. Low intracellular pH and chemical agents slow inactivation gating in sodium channels of muscle. Nature. 1980 Mar 27;284(5754):360–363. doi: 10.1038/284360a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Ohmori H., Yoshii M. Surface potential reflected in both gating and permeation mechanisms of sodium and calcium channels of the tunicate egg cell membrane. J Physiol. 1977 May;267(2):429–463. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1977.sp011821. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Schauf C. L., Davis F. A. Sensitivity of the sodium and potassium channels of Myxicola giant axons to changes in external pH. J Gen Physiol. 1976 Feb;67(2):185–195. doi: 10.1085/jgp.67.2.185. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Schauf C. L., Pencek T. L., Davis F. A. Slow sodium inactivation in Myxicola axons. Evidence for a second inactive state. Biophys J. 1976 Jul;16(7):771–778. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(76)85727-X. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Schauf C. L. The interactions of calcium with mpyxicola giant axons and a description in terms of a simple surface charge model. J Physiol. 1975 Jul;248(3):613–624. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1975.sp010991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Shrager P. Ionic conductance changes in voltage clamped crayfish axons at low pH. J Gen Physiol. 1974 Dec;64(6):666–690. doi: 10.1085/jgp.64.6.666. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Wanke E., Carbone E., Testa P. L. The sodium channel and intracellular H+ blockage in squid axons. Nature. 1980 Sep 4;287(5777):62–63. doi: 10.1038/287062a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Woodhull A. M. Ionic blockage of sodium channels in nerve. J Gen Physiol. 1973 Jun;61(6):687–708. doi: 10.1085/jgp.61.6.687. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Biophysical Journal are provided here courtesy of The Biophysical Society

RESOURCES