Abstract
Models relating to the gelation and elasticity of complex cytoskeletal networks are formulated and investigated. Kinetic equations for reversible elongation of nucleated actin filaments are analyzed when the filaments are acted upon by capping proteins and cross-linking factors. Analytical expressions are obtained that relate the low frequency elastic shear modulus of a network, G, to chain growth kinetics, the number of nucleation sites, monomer concentration, and the amount of capping and cross-linking protein. Elasticity curves that relate G to such factors as the association constant for cross-linking are derived and then used to determine solation-gelation phase contours.
Full text
PDF










Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Allen R. D. New observations on cell architecture and dynamics by video-enhanced contrast optical microscopy. Annu Rev Biophys Biophys Chem. 1985;14:265–290. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bb.14.060185.001405. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brown S. S., Spudich J. A. Nucleation of polar actin filament assembly by a positively charged surface. J Cell Biol. 1979 Feb;80(2):499–504. doi: 10.1083/jcb.80.2.499. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Buxbaum R. E., Dennerll T., Weiss S., Heidemann S. R. F-actin and microtubule suspensions as indeterminate fluids. Science. 1987 Mar 20;235(4795):1511–1514. doi: 10.1126/science.2881354. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Condeelis J. S., Taylor D. L. The contractile basis of amoeboid movement. V. The control of gelation, solation, and contraction in extracts from Dictyostelium discoideum. J Cell Biol. 1977 Sep;74(3):901–927. doi: 10.1083/jcb.74.3.901. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dembo M., Harlow F. Cell motion, contractile networks, and the physics of interpenetrating reactive flow. Biophys J. 1986 Jul;50(1):109–121. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(86)83444-0. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dembo M. The mechanics of motility in dissociated cytoplasm. Biophys J. 1986 Dec;50(6):1165–1183. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(86)83560-3. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Edwards S. F. The theory of macromolecular networks. Biorheology. 1986;23(6):589–603. doi: 10.3233/bir-1986-23610. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Geiger B., Avnur Z., Rinnerthaler G., Hinssen H., Small V. J. Microfilament-organizing centers in areas of cell contact: cytoskeletal interactions during cell attachment and locomotion. J Cell Biol. 1984 Jul;99(1 Pt 2):83s–91s. doi: 10.1083/jcb.99.1.83s. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hartwig J. H., Stossel T. P. Structure of macrophage actin-binding protein molecules in solution and interacting with actin filaments. J Mol Biol. 1981 Jan 25;145(3):563–581. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90545-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hartwig J. H., Tyler J., Stossel T. P. Actin-binding protein promotes the bipolar and perpendicular branching of actin filaments. J Cell Biol. 1980 Dec;87(3 Pt 1):841–848. doi: 10.1083/jcb.87.3.841. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hill T. L. Theoretical study of a model for the ATP cap at the end of an actin filament. Biophys J. 1986 May;49(5):981–986. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(86)83726-2. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Isenberg G., Aebi U., Pollard T. D. An actin-binding protein from Acanthamoeba regulates actin filament polymerization and interactions. Nature. 1980 Dec 4;288(5790):455–459. doi: 10.1038/288455a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Isenberg G., Ohnheiser R., Maruta H. 'Cap 90', a 90-kDa Ca2+-dependent F-actin-capping protein from vertebrate brain. FEBS Lett. 1983 Nov 14;163(2):225–229. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(83)80824-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ito T., Zaner K. S., Stossel T. P. Nonideality of volume flows and phase transitions of F-actin solutions in response to osmotic stress. Biophys J. 1987 May;51(5):745–753. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(87)83401-X. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Klonowski W., Epstein I. R. Kinetics of actin-myosin binding. II. Two-variable model and actin gelation. Biophys J. 1987 Feb;51(2):249–253. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(87)83330-1. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Korn E. D. Actin polymerization and its regulation by proteins from nonmuscle cells. Physiol Rev. 1982 Apr;62(2):672–737. doi: 10.1152/physrev.1982.62.2.672. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lin D. C., Lin S. Actin polymerization induced by a motility-related high-affinity cytochalasin binding complex from human erythrocyte membrane. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 May;76(5):2345–2349. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.5.2345. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MacLean-Fletcher S. D., Pollard T. D. Viscometric analysis of the gelation of Acanthamoeba extracts and purification of two gelation factors. J Cell Biol. 1980 May;85(2):414–428. doi: 10.1083/jcb.85.2.414. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mangeat P., Burridge K. Actin-membrane interaction in fibroblasts: what proteins are involved in this association? J Cell Biol. 1984 Jul;99(1 Pt 2):95s–103s. doi: 10.1083/jcb.99.1.95s. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Niederman R., Amrein P. C., Hartwig J. Three-dimensional structure of actin filaments and of an actin gel made with actin-binding protein. J Cell Biol. 1983 May;96(5):1400–1413. doi: 10.1083/jcb.96.5.1400. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Odell G. M. A mathematically modelled cytogel cortex exhibits periodic Ca++-modulated contraction cycles seen in Physarum shuttle streaming. J Embryol Exp Morphol. 1984 Nov;83 (Suppl):261–287. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Oster G. F., Odell G. M. Mechanics of cytogels I: oscillations in physarum. Cell Motil. 1984;4(6):469–503. doi: 10.1002/cm.970040606. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Oster G. F. On the crawling of cells. J Embryol Exp Morphol. 1984 Nov;83 (Suppl):329–364. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pantaloni D., Hill T. L., Carlier M. F., Korn E. D. A model for actin polymerization and the kinetic effects of ATP hydrolysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Nov;82(21):7207–7211. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.21.7207. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Petrucci T. C., Thomas C., Bray D. Isolation of a Ca2+-dependent actin-fragmenting protein from brain, spinal cord, and cultured neurones. J Neurochem. 1983 Jun;40(6):1507–1516. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1983.tb08119.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pollard T. D., Cooper J. A. Actin and actin-binding proteins. A critical evaluation of mechanisms and functions. Annu Rev Biochem. 1986;55:987–1035. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.55.070186.005011. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schmid-Schönbein G. W., Skalak R. Continuum mechanical model of leukocytes during protopod formation. J Biomech Eng. 1984 Feb;106(1):10–18. doi: 10.1115/1.3138448. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stossel T. P., Chaponnier C., Ezzell R. M., Hartwig J. H., Janmey P. A., Kwiatkowski D. J., Lind S. E., Smith D. B., Southwick F. S., Yin H. L. Nonmuscle actin-binding proteins. Annu Rev Cell Biol. 1985;1:353–402. doi: 10.1146/annurev.cb.01.110185.002033. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Weeds A. Actin-binding proteins--regulators of cell architecture and motility. Nature. 1982 Apr 29;296(5860):811–816. doi: 10.1038/296811a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wegner A. Head to tail polymerization of actin. J Mol Biol. 1976 Nov;108(1):139–150. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(76)80100-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yin H. L., Stossel T. P. Control of cytoplasmic actin gel-sol transformation by gelsolin, a calcium-dependent regulatory protein. Nature. 1979 Oct 18;281(5732):583–586. doi: 10.1038/281583a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zaner K. S., Stossel T. P. Some perspectives on the viscosity of actin filaments. J Cell Biol. 1982 Jun;93(3):987–991. doi: 10.1083/jcb.93.3.987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zaner K. S. The effect of the 540-kilodalton actin cross-linking protein, actin-binding protein, on the mechanical properties of F-actin. J Biol Chem. 1986 Jun 15;261(17):7615–7620. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]