Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Biophysical Journal logoLink to Biophysical Journal
. 1988 Sep;54(3):557–562. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(88)82989-8

Photochemistry of monomethylated and permethylated bacteriorhodopsin.

R Govindjee 1, Z Dancshazy 1, T G Ebrey 1, C Longstaff 1, R R Rando 1
PMCID: PMC1330355  PMID: 3207841

Abstract

Methylation of the nonactive site lysines of bacteriorhodopsin to form permethylated bacteriorhodopsin does not interfere with the formation of the short wavelength intermediate M412 or light-induced proton release/uptake. The absorption spectrum is similar to that of the native bacteriorhodopsin. However, additional monomethylation of the active site lysine of bacteriorhodopsin causes a red shift of the absorption maximum from 568 nm in light-adapted bacteriorhodopsin [BR] to 630 nm. The photochemistry of active-site methylated BR does not proceed beyond the L-photointermediate. In particular, the photointermediate corresponding to M412 does not form, and there is no proton pumping. Moreover, there is no tyrosine deprotonation. Thus, the formation of an M-type photointermediate is required for proton pumping by BR.

Full text

PDF
557

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Abercrombie D. M., Khorana H. G. Regeneration of native bacteriorhodopsin structure following acetylation of epsilon-amino groups of Lys-30, -40, and -41. J Biol Chem. 1986 Apr 15;261(11):4875–4880. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Aton B., Doukas A. G., Callender R. H., Becher B., Ebrey T. G. Resonance Raman studies of the purple membrane. Biochemistry. 1977 Jun 28;16(13):2995–2999. doi: 10.1021/bi00632a029. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Becher B. M., Cassim J. Y. Improved isolation procedures for the purple membrane of Halobacterium halobium. Prep Biochem. 1975;5(2):161–178. doi: 10.1080/00327487508061568. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bogomolni R. A., Stubbs L., Lanyi J. K. Illumination-dependent changes in the intrinsic fluorescence of bacteriorhodopsin. Biochemistry. 1978 Mar 21;17(6):1037–1041. doi: 10.1021/bi00599a015. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Chu Kung M., DeVault D., Hess B., Oesterhelt D. Photolysis of bacterial rhodopsin. Biophys J. 1975 Sep;15(9):907–911. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(75)85864-4. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Govindjee R., Ebrey T. G., Crofts A. R. The quantum efficiency of proton pumping by the purple membrane of Halobacterium halobium. Biophys J. 1980 May;30(2):231–242. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(80)85091-0. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Hanamoto J. H., Dupuis P., El-Sayed M. A. On the protein (tyrosine)-chromophore (protonated Schiff base) coupling in bacteriorhodopsin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Nov;81(22):7083–7087. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.22.7083. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Hess B., Kuschmitz D. Kinetic interaction between aromatic residues and the retinal chromophore of bacteriorhodopsin during the photocycle. FEBS Lett. 1979 Apr 15;100(2):334–340. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(79)80364-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Kalisky O., Ottolenghi M., Honig B., Korenstein R. Environmental effects on formation and photoreaction of the M412 photoproduct of bacteriorhodopsin: implications for the mechanism of proton pumping. Biochemistry. 1981 Feb 3;20(3):649–655. doi: 10.1021/bi00506a031. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Khorana H. G., Gerber G. E., Herlihy W. C., Gray C. P., Anderegg R. J., Nihei K., Biemann K. Amino acid sequence of bacteriorhodopsin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Oct;76(10):5046–5050. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.10.5046. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Krupinski J., Hammes G. G. Phase-lifetime spectrophotometry of deoxycholate-purified bacteriorhodopsin reconstituted into asolectin vesicles. Biochemistry. 1985 Nov 19;24(24):6963–6972. doi: 10.1021/bi00345a032. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Lewis A., Spoonhower J., Bogomolni R. A., Lozier R. H., Stoeckenius W. Tunable laser resonance raman spectroscopy of bacteriorhodopsin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Nov;71(11):4462–4466. doi: 10.1073/pnas.71.11.4462. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Li Q., Govindjee R., Ebrey T. G. A correlation between proton pumping and the bacteriorhodopsin photocycle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Nov;81(22):7079–7082. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.22.7079. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Longstaff C., Rando R. R. Deprotonation of the Schiff base of bacteriorhodopsin is obligate in light-induced proton pumping. Biochemistry. 1987 Sep 22;26(19):6107–6113. doi: 10.1021/bi00393a024. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Lozier R. H., Bogomolni R. A., Stoeckenius W. Bacteriorhodopsin: a light-driven proton pump in Halobacterium Halobium. Biophys J. 1975 Sep;15(9):955–962. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(75)85875-9. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Lozier R. H., Niederberger W., Bogomolni R. A., Hwang S., Stoeckenius W. Kinetics and stoichiometry of light-induced proton release and uptake from purple membrane fragments, Halobacterium halobium cell envelopes, and phospholipid vesicles containing oriented purple membrane. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1976 Sep 13;440(3):545–556. doi: 10.1016/0005-2728(76)90041-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Mogi T., Stern L. J., Hackett N. R., Khorana H. G. Bacteriorhodopsin mutants containing single tyrosine to phenylalanine substitutions are all active in proton translocation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Aug;84(16):5595–5599. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.16.5595. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Ort D. R., Parson W. W. The quantum yield of flash-induced proton release by bacteriorhodopsin-containing membrane fragments. Biophys J. 1979 Feb;25(2 Pt 1):341–353. doi: 10.1016/s0006-3495(79)85296-0. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Stoeckenius W., Bogomolni R. A. Bacteriorhodopsin and related pigments of halobacteria. Annu Rev Biochem. 1982;51:587–616. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.51.070182.003103. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Stoeckenius W., Lozier R. H., Bogomolni R. A. Bacteriorhodopsin and the purple membrane of halobacteria. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1979 Mar 14;505(3-4):215–278. doi: 10.1016/0304-4173(79)90006-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Xie A. H., Nagle J. F., Lozier R. H. Flash spectroscopy of purple membrane. Biophys J. 1987 Apr;51(4):627–635. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(87)83387-8. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Biophysical Journal are provided here courtesy of The Biophysical Society

RESOURCES