Xiao Feng
Xiao Feng
1School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
2Senior Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Medical Devices and Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Drug Development for Severe Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligent TCM for the Prevention and Treatment of Pan-vascular Diseases, Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
1,2,†,
Liuting Zheng
Liuting Zheng
2Senior Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Medical Devices and Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Drug Development for Severe Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligent TCM for the Prevention and Treatment of Pan-vascular Diseases, Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
3School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
2,3,†,
Yue Niu
Yue Niu
2Senior Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Medical Devices and Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Drug Development for Severe Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligent TCM for the Prevention and Treatment of Pan-vascular Diseases, Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
2,†,
Keyun Wang
Keyun Wang
2Senior Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Medical Devices and Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Drug Development for Severe Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligent TCM for the Prevention and Treatment of Pan-vascular Diseases, Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
2,
Junqian Wang
Junqian Wang
1School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
2Senior Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Medical Devices and Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Drug Development for Severe Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligent TCM for the Prevention and Treatment of Pan-vascular Diseases, Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
1,2,
Luying Qiao
Luying Qiao
1School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
2Senior Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Medical Devices and Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Drug Development for Severe Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligent TCM for the Prevention and Treatment of Pan-vascular Diseases, Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
1,2,
Sifan Yang
Sifan Yang
2Senior Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Medical Devices and Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Drug Development for Severe Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligent TCM for the Prevention and Treatment of Pan-vascular Diseases, Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
4School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
2,4,
Huanrong Li
Huanrong Li
1School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
2Senior Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Medical Devices and Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Drug Development for Severe Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligent TCM for the Prevention and Treatment of Pan-vascular Diseases, Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
1,2,
Wang Lu
Wang Lu
2Senior Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Medical Devices and Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Drug Development for Severe Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligent TCM for the Prevention and Treatment of Pan-vascular Diseases, Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
5Department of postgraduate, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
2,5,
Shuang Li
Shuang Li
2Senior Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Medical Devices and Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Drug Development for Severe Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligent TCM for the Prevention and Treatment of Pan-vascular Diseases, Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
2,
Huidi Xie
Huidi Xie
2Senior Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Medical Devices and Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Drug Development for Severe Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligent TCM for the Prevention and Treatment of Pan-vascular Diseases, Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
2,
Ying Zheng
Ying Zheng
2Senior Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Medical Devices and Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Drug Development for Severe Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligent TCM for the Prevention and Treatment of Pan-vascular Diseases, Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
2,
Weiguang Zhang
Weiguang Zhang
2Senior Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Medical Devices and Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Drug Development for Severe Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligent TCM for the Prevention and Treatment of Pan-vascular Diseases, Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
2,*,
Zhe Feng
Zhe Feng
2Senior Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Medical Devices and Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Drug Development for Severe Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligent TCM for the Prevention and Treatment of Pan-vascular Diseases, Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
2,*,
Xiangmei Chen
Xiangmei Chen
1School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
2Senior Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Medical Devices and Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Drug Development for Severe Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligent TCM for the Prevention and Treatment of Pan-vascular Diseases, Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
1,2,*
1School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
2Senior Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Medical Devices and Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Drug Development for Severe Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligent TCM for the Prevention and Treatment of Pan-vascular Diseases, Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
3School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
4School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
5Department of postgraduate, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
*Correspondence: Weiguang Zhang, weiguangzhang1@163.com; Zhe Feng, zhezhe_4025@126.com; Xiangmei Chen, xmchen301@126.com
†These authors have contributed equally to this work and share first authorship
Received 2026 Jun 3; Revised 2026 Jun 4; Accepted 2026 Jun 4; Collection date 2026.
Keywords: lung function, muscle strength, physical performance, preserved ratio impaired spirometry, sarcopenia, skeletal muscle mass index
Copyright © 2026 Feng, Zheng, Niu, Wang, Wang, Qiao, Yang, Li, Lu, Li, Xie, Zheng, Zhang, Feng and Chen.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
