Abstract
Aversive shocks are known to produce aggression when the shocks are not dependent on behavior and to suppress behavior when the shocks are arranged as a dependent punisher. These two processes were studied by presenting non-dependent shock to monkeys at regular intervals, thereby producing biting attacks on a pneumatic tube. Immediate shock punishment was stimultaneously delivered for each biting attack. The attacks were found to decrease as a function of increasing punishment intensity. These results show that aggression is eliminated by direct punishment of the aggression even when the stimulus that is used as a punisher otherwise causes the aggression.
Full text
PDF
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- AZRIN N. H., HUTCHINSON R. R., HAKE D. F. PAIN-INDUCED FIGHTING IN THE SQUIRREL MONKEY. J Exp Anal Behav. 1963 Oct;6:620–620. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1963.6-620. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- AZRIN N. H., HUTCHINSON R. R., SALLERY R. D. PAIN-AGGRESSION TOWARD INANIMATE OBJECTS. J Exp Anal Behav. 1964 May;7:223–228. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1964.7-223. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- AZRIN N. H., ULRICH R. E., HUTCHINSON R. R., NORMAN D. G. EFFECT OF SHOCK DURATION ON SHOCK-INDUCED FIGHTING. J Exp Anal Behav. 1964 Jan;7:9–11. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1964.7-9. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Azrin N. H., Hutchinson R. R., Hake D. F. Attack, avoidance, and escape reactions to aversive shock. J Exp Anal Behav. 1967 Mar;10(2):131–148. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1967.10-131. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Azrin N. H., Rubin H. B., Hutchinson R. R. Biting attack by rats in response to aversive shock. J Exp Anal Behav. 1968 Sep;11(5):633–639. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1968.11-633. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Baenninger R., Grossman J. C. Some effects of punishment on pain-elicited aggression. J Exp Anal Behav. 1969 Nov;12(6):1017–1022. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1969.12-1017. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CHURCH R. M. THE VARIED EFFECTS OF PUNISHMENT ON BEHAVIOR. Psychol Rev. 1963 Sep;70:369–402. doi: 10.1037/h0046499. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- FOWLER H., MILLER N. E. FACILITATION AND INHIBITION OF RUNWAY PERFORMANCE BY HIND- AND FOREPAW SHOCK OF VARIOUS INTENSITIES. J Comp Physiol Psychol. 1963 Oct;56:801–805. doi: 10.1037/h0044305. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HAKE D. F., AZRIN N. H. An apparatus for delivering pain shock to monkevs. J Exp Anal Behav. 1963 Apr;6:297–298. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1963.6-297. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hutchinson R. R., Azrin N. H., Hake D. F. An automatic method for the study of aggression in squirrel monkeys. J Exp Anal Behav. 1966 May;9(3):233–237. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1966.9-233. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Myer J. S. Associative and temporal determinants of facilitation and inhibition of attack by pai. J Comp Physiol Psychol. 1968 Aug;66(1):17–21. doi: 10.1037/h0025983. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Myer J. S., Baenninger R. Some effects of punishment and stress on mouse killing by rats. J Comp Physiol Psychol. 1966 Oct;62(2):292–297. doi: 10.1037/h0023690. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Myer J. S. Prior killing experience and the suppressive effects of punishment on the killing of mice by rats. Anim Behav. 1967 Jan;15(1):59–61. doi: 10.1016/s0003-3472(67)80011-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ULRICH R. E., AZRIN N. H. Reflexive fighting in response to aversive stimulation. J Exp Anal Behav. 1962 Oct;5:511–520. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1962.5-511. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ulrich R., Wolfe M., Dulaney S. Punishment of shock-induced aggression. J Exp Anal Behav. 1969 Nov;12(6):1009–1015. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1969.12-1009. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]