Abstract
Pigeons were trained to respond with equal variable-interval reinforcement in the presence of a white key and also a white key with a vertical line. They were then trained not to respond to the vertical line by extinguishing the response or by reinforcing its non-occurrence at various frequencies. During training, the rate of key-pecking in the presence of the white key, maintained by a constant variable-interval schedule of reinforcement, depended on the frequency of reinforcement in the presence of the line. When lines of different orientations were presented in a generalization test, birds trained with extinction responded more to other orientations than to the vertical line, whereas those trained with high frequencies of reinforcement for not responding tended to respond equally at all line orientations. Intermediate frequencies of reinforcement gave mixed results.
Full text
PDF
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Bloomfield T. M. Behavioral contrast and relative reinforcement frequency in two multiple schedules. J Exp Anal Behav. 1967 Mar;10(2):151–158. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1967.10-151. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bloomfield T. M. Two types of behavioral contrast in discrimination learning. J Exp Anal Behav. 1966 Mar;9(2):155–161. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1966.9-155. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CATANIA A. C. Behavioral contrast in a multiple and concurrent schedule of reinforcement. J Exp Anal Behav. 1961 Oct;4:335–342. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1961.4-335. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CATANIA A. C. Concurrent performances: reinforcement interaction and response independence. J Exp Anal Behav. 1963 Apr;6:253–263. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1963.6-253. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HANSON H. M. Effects of discrimination training on stimulus generalization. J Exp Psychol. 1959 Nov;58:321–334. doi: 10.1037/h0042606. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nevin J. A., Shettleworth S. J. An analysis of contrast effects in multiple schedules. J Exp Anal Behav. 1966 Jul;9(4):305–315. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1966.9-305. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- REYNOLDS G. S. Behavioral contrast. J Exp Anal Behav. 1961 Jan;4:57–71. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1961.4-57. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- REYNOLDS G. S. Relativity of response rate and reinforcement frequency in a multiple schedule. J Exp Anal Behav. 1961 Apr;4:179–184. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1961.4-179. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- TERRACE H. S. WAVELENGTH GENERALIZATION AFTER DISCRIMINATION LEARNING WITH AND WITHOUT ERRORS. Science. 1964 Apr 3;144(3614):78–80. doi: 10.1126/science.144.3614.78. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Terrace H. S. Discrimination learning and inhibition. Science. 1966 Dec 30;154(3757):1677–1680. doi: 10.1126/science.154.3757.1677. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yarczower M., Dickson J. F., Gollub L. R. Some effects on generalization gradients of tandem schedules. J Exp Anal Behav. 1966 Nov;9(6):631–639. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1966.9-631. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yarczower M., Gollub L. R., Dickson J. F. Some effects of discriminative training with equated frequency of reinforcement. J Exp Anal Behav. 1968 Jul;11(4):415–423. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1968.11-415. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]