Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior logoLink to Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
. 1969 Jul;12(4):623–631. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1969.12-623

The release of catecholamines by shocks and stimuli paired with shocks1

S H Ferreira, L R Gollub, J R Vane
PMCID: PMC1338657  PMID: 4980141

Abstract

One monkey and five baboons were surgically prepared so that heart rate and blood pressure could be monitored continuously, and an extra-corporeal blood path was established to detect the secretion of epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline). A respondent conditioning procedure was used in which a tone was paired with electric shocks. Epinephrine, but not norepinephrine was released by shocks, and a corresponding release was demonstrated by the tone alone. Heart rate and blood pressure changes were also elicited by shocks and by the tone.

Full text

PDF
623

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. ARMITAGE A. K., VANE J. R. A SENSITIVE METHOD FOR THE ASSAY OF CATECHOL AMINES. Br J Pharmacol Chemother. 1964 Feb;22:204–210. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1964.tb01560.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Herrnstein R. J. Method and theory in the study of avoidance. Psychol Rev. 1969 Jan;76(1):49–69. doi: 10.1037/h0026786. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. LOCKARD J. S. Choice of a warning signal or no warning signal in an unavoidable shock situation. J Comp Physiol Psychol. 1963 Jun;56:526–530. doi: 10.1037/h0041552. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. MANN M., WEST G. B. The nature of hepatic and splenic sympathin. Br J Pharmacol Chemother. 1950 Jun;5(2):173–177. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1950.tb01004.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. MASON J. W., MANGAN G., Jr, BRADY J. V., CONRAD D., RIOCH D. M. Concurrent plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine and 17-hydroxycorticosteroid levels during conditioned emotional disturbances in monkeys. Psychosom Med. 1961 Jul-Aug;23:344–353. doi: 10.1097/00006842-196107000-00011. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Mason J. W., Tolson W. W., Brady J. V., Tolliver G. A., Gilmore L. I. Urinary epinephrine and norepinephrine responses to 72-hr. avoidance sessions in the monkey. Psychosom Med. 1968 Sep-Oct;30(5 Suppl):654–665. doi: 10.1097/00006842-196809000-00023. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Miller N. E. Learning of visceral and glandular responses. Science. 1969 Jan 31;163(3866):434–445. doi: 10.1126/science.163.3866.434. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. NICHOLSON A. N. A RESTRAINING CHAIR FOR LONG TERM EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES IN CONSCIOUS MONKEYS. Med Electron Biol Eng. 1965 Jan;3:77–80. doi: 10.1007/BF02474349. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. REGOLI D., VANE J. R. A SENSITIVE METHOD FOR THE ASSAY OF ANGIOTENSIN. Br J Pharmacol Chemother. 1964 Oct;23:351–359. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1964.tb01591.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Rescorla R. A., Solomon R. L. Two-process learning theory: Relationships between Pavlovian conditioning and instrumental learning. Psychol Rev. 1967 May;74(3):151–182. doi: 10.1037/h0024475. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. SMITH O. A., Jr, STEBBINS W. C. CONDITIONED BLOOD FLOW AND HEART RATE IN MONKEYS. J Comp Physiol Psychol. 1965 Jun;59:432–436. doi: 10.1037/h0022052. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. STEBBINS W. C., SMITH O. A., Jr CARDIOVASCULAR CONCOMITANTS OF THE CONDITIONED EMOTIONAL RESPONSE IN THE MONKEY. Science. 1964 May 15;144(3620):881–883. doi: 10.1126/science.144.3620.881. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. VANE J. R. A sensitive method for the assay of 5-hydroxytryptamine. Br J Pharmacol Chemother. 1957 Sep;12(3):344–349. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1957.tb00146.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. VANE J. R. THE USE OF ISOLATED ORGANS FOR DETECTING ACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN THE CIRCULATING BLOOD. Br J Pharmacol Chemother. 1964 Oct;23:360–373. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1964.tb01592.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior are provided here courtesy of Society for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior

RESOURCES