Retraction of: Scientific Reports 10.1038/s41598-025-27729-9, published online 17 December 2025
The Editors have retracted this Article.
Following publication, concerns were raised regarding the accuracy of the references. An investigation by the Editors was unable to confirm the existence of multiple references (2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 17, 38, and 44) and found further irregularities with several other entries in the reference list, including some articles where the list of authors given did not match the article listed and some articles whose relevance was unclear. Upon request, the Authors could not provide a satisfactory response to the concerns raised. The Editors therefore no longer have confidence in the reliability of the content of this Article.
All Authors agree to the retraction and its wording.