Identifying and Managing Eating Disorders in Pediatric Obesity Treatment: Current Practices in Weight Management Programs throughout the United States

Eileen Chaves; Cristina Fernandez; Sanita Ley; Helena Laroche; Adolfo J Ariza; Marsha B Novick; Kimberly Genuario; Christine San Giovanni; Amy Egbert; Crystal S Lim; Jared M Tucker

doi:10.1177/21532176261420972

. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Jul 31.

Published in final edited form as: Child Obes. 2026 Feb 18;22(3):155–163. doi: 10.1177/21532176261420972

Identifying and Managing Eating Disorders in Pediatric Obesity Treatment: Current Practices in Weight Management Programs throughout the United States

Eileen Chaves ^1,², Cristina Fernandez ^3,⁴, Sanita Ley ^5,⁶, Helena Laroche ³, Adolfo J Ariza ⁷, Marsha B Novick ⁸, Kimberly Genuario ^9,¹⁰, Christine San Giovanni ¹¹, Amy Egbert ¹², Crystal S Lim ¹³, Jared M Tucker ¹⁴

¹Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neuropsychology and Pediatric Psychology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.

²Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.

³Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Pediatrics, Kansas City, MO, USA.

⁴University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Pediatrics, Kansas City, MO, USA.

⁵Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.

⁶University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Pediatrics, Cincinnati, OH, USA.

⁷Mary Ann and J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research Program, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago Research Center, Chicago, IL, USA.

⁸Penn State Health Children’s Hospital, Pediatrics, Hershey, PA, USA.

⁹Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

¹⁰Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

¹¹Medical University of South Carolina, Pediatrics, Charleston, SC, USA.

¹²Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.

¹³University of Missouri, Health Psychology, Columbia, MO, USA.

¹⁴Healthy Weight Center, Helen DeVos Children’s Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.

Authors’ Contributions

E.C.: Conceptualization, methodology, investigation, interpretation of data and writing––original draft, and review and editing. C.F.: Conceptualization, methodology, writing—original draft, and review and editing. S.L.: Methodology, writing—original draft, and review and editing. H.L.: Methodology, writing—original draft, and review and editing. A.J.A.: Methodology, writing—original draft, and review and editing. M.B.N.: Methodology, writing—original draft, and review and editing. K.G.: Methodology, writing—original draft, and review and editing. C.S.G.: Methodology, writing—original draft, and review and editing. A.E.: Methodology, writing—original draft, and review and editing. C.S.L.: Methodology, writing—original draft, and review and editing. J.M.T.: Conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, interpretation of data, writing––original draft, and review and editing.

^✉

Address correspondence to: Eileen Chaves, PhD, MSc, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neuropsychology and Pediatric Psychology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA, Eileen.Chaves@nationwidechildrens.org

PMCID: PMC13419621 NIHMSID: NIHMS2193856 PMID: 41709113

Abstract

Background:

Eating disorders (EDs) are common in adolescents with obesity. Detection of EDs, such as binge eating disorder (BED), within pediatric weight management programs (PWMPs) is vital to ensure that children and adolescents receive appropriate treatment, yet identification of EDs in PWMPs is not well-established. This study sought to understand current practices in the assessment and management of EDs in PWMPs in the United States.

Methods:

A survey was developed by topic experts within Childhood Obesity Multi-Program Analysis and Study System to evaluate program practices related to the screening, diagnosis, referral, and treatment of EDs in PWMPs. Surveys were emailed to medical and behavioral health providers within these practices throughout the United States. Responses were tabulated and compared across program and provider characteristics.

Results:

Of the 38 respondents, three-fourths regularly screened for one or more EDs (n = 29; 74%) with most screening informally using either no screener or a clinic-developed questionnaire (n = 20; 69%). Reasons for not screening included not being sure how to provide appropriate ED treatment (n = 6); lack of training (n = 5); and lack of time (n = 4). Most respondents were comfortable screening for EDs generally (69%), but behavioral health providers reported higher comfort levels than medical providers in making BED diagnoses (100% vs. 53%; p = 0.031).

Conclusions:

To provide the best patient care for adolescents with obesity, training and structured guidelines are needed to improve ED screening, as well as referral and treatment practices.

Keywords: eating disorders, pediatric obesity, pediatric weight management

Introduction

As of 2023, >1 in 5 children and adolescents globally experience symptoms of eating disorders (EDs) with rates increasing with higher body mass index.^1,2 Notably, adolescents with obesity present with higher rates of full or subthreshold ED relative to adolescents with normal weight.³ The relationship between pediatric obesity and disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) is complex and bidirectional. Having obesity increases the risk of having both an ED or DE and ED/DEBs can significantly worsen or complicate the management of adolescent obesity.^4,5 Adolescents with obesity are at an increased risk of developing bulimia nervosa (BN),^2,3 binge eating disorder (BED),^2,6 and atypical anorexia nervosa (AAN)² (see Table 1).

Table 1.

Prevalence and Characteristics of Eating Disorders among Youth with Obesity

DSM-5 eating disorder diagnoses	Defining features	Lifetime prevalence rate in youth²
Anorexia nervosa (AN)	Characterized by restricted food intake leading to significantly low body weight, intense fear of gaining weight, and a distorted body image	0.3%
Atypical anorexia nervosa (AAN)	Individuals exhibit all the criteria for AN but maintain a weight within or above the normal range. Despite the “atypical” label, the psychological and physiological impacts are similar to AN	0.2%–4.9%
Self-induced vomiting	Involves cycles of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as vomiting, fasting, or excessive exercise	0.9%
Binge eating disorder (BED)	Characterized by recurrent episodes of eating large quantities of food, often quickly and to the point of discomfort, accompanied by feelings of loss of control and distress	1.6%

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DSM-5: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition.

EDs and DEBs are increasingly recognized as significant comorbidities in pediatric obesity. Although the terms are often used interchangeably, both EDs and DEBs represent distinct constructs.⁵ EDs are clinically diagnosable conditions, such as anorexia nervosa (AN), BN, and BED, that cause persistent and severe disruptions in eating behaviors, negatively impacting both physical and mental health. In contrast, DEB encompass a spectrum of maladaptive attitudes and actions toward food and body image that do not meet full diagnostic criteria for an ED but may still be harmful and interfere with an individual’s daily life or relationships with others.

Youth with obesity frequently exhibit both DEBs and EDs. Research indicates that 76% of girls and 55% of boys with obesity report engaging in unhealthy weight control practices, including food restriction, rigid eating patterns, compulsive eating, and “dieting.”⁷ However, the true prevalence of DEBs is difficult to ascertain, as most screening tools are designed to detect formal EDs and lack sensitivity to subclinical behaviors.⁸ For the purposes of this study, the term “DEBs” will be used to encompass the full range of eating-related behaviors, including both subclinical and clinically significant presentations.

Early detection of DE symptoms is crucial to improve treatment prognosis, decrease morbidity, and prevent the evolution of DE into chronic EDs with associated medical, psychosocial, and psychiatric complications.⁹ Research has shown that the average length of delay between the onset of ED symptoms and ED treatment is 5.28 years. This time is significantly longer for individuals diagnosed with BN and BED.¹⁰ Established literature emphasizes the need for pediatric weight management programs (PWMPs) to take a risk management approach, with screening or monitoring for ED-related risk factors and behaviors throughout the course of treatment.¹¹ Although recent recommendations from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) advise screening for EDs, there has been little guidance on how to implement this in practice.¹² Some expert groups have offered initial recommendations for ED screening¹³; however, current practices related to screening, assessment, and management of EDs within PWMPs in the United States remain poorly understood. This study aimed to explore these practices, establish current screening prevalence for EDs, identify barriers to ED screening and treatment, and examine the associations between these barriers, ED-related practices, and characteristics of PWMP.

Methods

Design and Participants

Using a cross-sectional study design, the current study employed purposive sampling of PWMPs throughout the United States. Study participants were identified in two ways. First, the study survey was distributed to members of the Childhood Obesity Multi-Program Analysis and Study System (COMPASS), a research network of over 125 clinicians and scientists focused on improving pediatric obesity prevention and treatment, excluding COMPASS members who helped to develop the distributed survey. COMPASS members were asked to complete the survey if they were Program Directors of PWMPs. Second, a directory of PWMPs was compiled using an online state-by-state search for programs that have been described elsewhere (Burton, 2023), which included approximately 91 unique PWMPs.¹⁴ Together, these sources provided a list of potential Program Director respondents that were asked to complete the survey via emailed invitations. Eligible participants were provided a link to the survey in REDCap, a secure web-based application designed to capture and store research data.¹⁵ Upon opening the link, participants were given a summary of the study purpose and offered the option to participate, which served as the informed consent statement. To evaluate study eligibility, respondents who agreed to participate were first asked if they provided health care for children with obesity in a clinic setting. If so, participants who identified as a medical provider or behavioral health provider were considered eligible to participate. Respondents’ program site was also identified to ensure one response per site, which prevented double-counting program-level practices related to screening, referrals and treatment. The survey was originally sent to participants in June of 2022, with follow-up emails sent intermittently to non-responders over the 3-month period during which the survey was open. This study was approved by Children’s Mercy Institutional Review Board (STUDY00002327).

Measures

Since no validated tool existed to evaluate the study aims, the authors developed a 33-question survey designed to assess PWMP’s providers’ comfort with assessing for and treating multiple ED diagnoses in adolescents with obesity. The survey followed a structured design process and included four sections: (1) participant’s characteristics, (2) clinic characteristics, (3) ED screening, diagnoses, and treatment practices and providers’ comfort with these tasks across multiple ED diagnoses, and (4) perceived barriers to ED screening and treatment (see Supplementary Appendix SA1). Survey items were generated and reviewed by a multidisciplinary group of COMPASS members, serving as topic experts in pediatric obesity medicine, to ensure relevance to PWM settings and adequate coverage of key practice domains. Although the survey was not pilot tested, content validity was established through iterative expert review, and cognitive pretesting was conducted with several COMPASS members using brief think-aloud probing to assess item clarity and interpretation. Minor word changes were made based on this feedback, and no major issues were identified. A psychometric evaluation of the new tool was not conducted.

Analyses

Participant data were tabulated and reported as frequencies. Responses on the 5-point Likert scale for comfort levels in screening, diagnosing, referring, and treating EDs were dichotomized as “comfortable” (“somewhat comfortable” and “very comfortable”) and “uncomfortable” (“somewhat uncomfortable” and “very uncomfortable”). Frequency of each ED diagnosis was grouped as “rarely” (including “never” and “rarely”) and “at least sometimes” (including “sometimes,” “very often,” and “always”).

Differences in ED practices were compared across provider and program characteristics using Pearson’s Chi-square tests or Fisher’s Exact tests when comparisons included cell counts <5. Due to non-normally distributed perceived barriers across sites, Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to compare differences in the number of perceived barriers across program characteristics. The p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant, and p-values < 0.1 were noted as nonsignificant trends. All statistical analyses were conducted using SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA).

Results

Sample

Of the 91 potential participants invited to participate in the study, 39 began the survey. To ensure that all respondents were appropriate for the survey, respondents were first asked if they provided care to children with obesity in a clinical setting. Thirty-eight respondents answered “yes” to this question. Of these, 32 respondents identified as medical providers (82%) and 7 as behavioral health providers (18%). Table 2 displays the clinic services and staff disciplines of respondents. Nearly all providers (97%) were from multidisciplinary weight management programs, though many also practiced in other additional subspecialty clinics, including endocrinology (21%), gastroenterology/hepatology (10%), and primary care (8%), among others. Clinic teams that included medical providers (95%) and dietitians (95%) were nearly ubiquitous, and behavioral health specialists were also common (72%). No significant differences in clinical characteristics were found between medical providers or behavioral health providers.

Table 2.

Clinic Characteristics of Respondents Overall and by Respondent Provider Type

		Respondent provider type
	Total N (%)	Medical Provider N (%)	Behavioral Health N (%)
Total	39 (100)	32 (82)	7 (18)
Clinic type^a
Weight management	38 (97)	31 (97)	7 (100)
Endocrinology	8 (21)	7 (22)	1 (14)
GI/Liver	4 (10)	3 (9)	1 (14)
Primary care	3 (8)	3 (9)	0 (0)
Bariatric surgery	2 (5)	1 (3)	1 (14)
Eating disorder	1 (3)	1 (3)	0 (0)
Cardiology	1 (3)	0 (0)	1 (14)
Multidisciplinary	38 (97)	31 (97)	7 (100)
Disciplines on staff^a
Medical provider	37 (95)	—	7 (100)
Dietitian	37 (95)	30 (94)	7 (100)
Behavioral health	30 (77)	23 (72)	—
Movement specialist	21 (54)	15 (47)	6 (86)
Health educator	5 (13)	3 (9)	2 (29)
Nurse/Care coordinator	3 (8)	3 (9)	0 (0)
Social worker	2 (5)	2 (6)	0 (0)

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Respondents were asked to select “all that apply” to the Clinic Types and Disciplines on their Staff.

Eating Disorder Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment

A total of 74% (n = 29) reported regularly screening for EDs; of these, 69% (n = 20) screened informally using either no questionnaire or a screener developed by the clinic. The remaining 31% (n = 9) reported using a validated screener, including the Adolescent Binge Eating Screener (ADO-BED) (n = 4),¹⁶ the 7-item BED Screener (BEDS-7) (n = 3),¹⁷ the Sick, Control, One, Fat, Food (SCOFF) questionnaire (n = 3),¹⁸ and the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) (n = 2).¹⁹ Clinic and provider characteristics did not significantly differ between sites that screened for EDs versus those that did not. Among participants who reported that they did not screen for EDs (n = 10), most frequently listed reasons including not being sure how to provide appropriate treatment for those diagnosed (n = 6), followed by a lack of training (n = 5), a lack of time (n = 4), and a lack of available referral sources for treating EDs (n = 2). Conversely, no participants (n = 0) reported the following reasons as explanations for not screening for EDs: discomfort with ED screening or lack of insurance reimbursement.

Just over two-thirds of respondents felt comfortable screening for EDs in general (69%) and over half were comfortable diagnosing BED (62%), but fewer were comfortable diagnosing other EDs [i.e., AN, BN, Other Specified Feeding or EDs (49%)], as well as for treating BED (44%). Comfort level with diagnosing and treating EDs differed across respondent provider type and program characteristics (Fig. 1). While all behavioral health providers were comfortable screening for EDs and diagnosing BED, medical providers were less frequently comfortable making BED diagnoses (100% vs. 53%; p = 0.031) and trended toward being less frequently comfortable screening for EDs more broadly (100% vs. 62%; p = 0.078). In addition, participants who reported that their programs provided subspecialty services beyond PWM specifically (e.g., endocrinology, gastroenterology/liver, primary care) were less comfortable diagnosing EDs (21% vs. 64%; p = 0.019) and treating BED (14% vs. 60%; p = 0.008) than programs that offered fewer subspecialty services beyond PWM specifically.

Figure 1. — Clinician comfort level diagnosing and treating eating disorders by provider type. BED, binge eating disorder; BH, behavioral health provider; EDs, eating disorders; MP, medical provider.

Figure 2 displays provider’s perceptions of how frequently clinics have consistently made ED diagnoses over the past 2 years, including diagnoses made “at least sometimes.” ED was identified as being diagnosed most frequently (n = 27; 69%), followed by polyphagia/hyperphagia (n = 21; 54%), and feeding difficulties (n = 15; 38%). BED was the only ED diagnosis that differed in frequency across clinic characteristics, with larger clinic teams (>3 provider types) diagnosing BED more consistently than smaller teams (≤3 provider types) (86% versus 50%; p = 0.035). Additionally, programs that offered specialty services beyond PWM specifically diagnosed BED less consistently than programs focused on PWM only (43% vs. 84%; p = 0.012).

Barriers to Eating Disorder Screening and Treatment

On average (±SD), participants reported 3.3 ± 2.2 programmatic barriers to screening patients with obesity for EDs. The most common barriers to screening for EDs included lack of resources (n = 23; 59%), lack of clinic staff time to implement screening (n = 18; 46%), and difficulty incorporating screening into clinic flow (n = 18; 46%). The number of barriers to screening for EDs did not differ between medical provider (3.4 ± 2.3) and behavioral health provider (3.0 ± 1.5) participants, nor did the frequency of specific screening barriers significantly differ by provider type (Fig. 3). However, participants from programs that offered services beyond PWM specifically did perceive more barriers to screening for EDs than participants from PWM-only programs (4.1 ± 2.0 vs. 2.8 ± 2.2; p = 0.021).

Figure 3. — Frequency of perceived barriers to screening patients for eating disorders by provider type.

Figure 4 displays perceived barriers to treating patients with obesity and comorbid EDs. Mean perceived barriers to treatment included 2.7 ± 1.5 barriers, overall, with no significant difference between perceived treatment barriers among medical providers (2.8 ± 1.5) and behavioral health providers (2.3 ± 1.6) participants. However, when comparing individual barriers, behavioral health provider participants did more frequently perceive a lack of clinic staff time as a barrier to treating patients with EDs when compared with medical providers (86% vs. 56%; p = 0.017).

Conclusions/Discussion

The purpose of this study was to increase understanding regarding current practices in assessment and management of ED in PWMPs in the United States. Findings from this study suggest that PWMP providers were frequently comfortable screening for ED, particularly BED. This tendency aligns with findings from other studies that have explored screening practices for EDs among pediatric, adolescent, and adult health care providers.^20,21 Results suggest that the majority of clinics screen informally for EDs. This is likely due to the frequent discussions providers engage in with patients and their families regarding healthy eating practices. The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) guidelines recommend 26 contact hours of behavioral intervention, providing PWMPs with ample opportunities to discuss eating behaviors, identify concerning patterns, as well as develop rapport with patients and families that may lead to increased disclosure of ED symptoms.²² Despite this recommendation, retention in PWMPs is challenging with many psychosocial factors complicating care for families. In a study by Hampl et al. (2016), only 29% of initial patients returned for a clinic visit in tertiary PWM and virtually none (0.5%) achieved 6 visits in 6 months.²³ This speaks to the importance of screening for ED at the onset of PWM treatment so referrals for ED care can be made as needed and clinic recommendations can be tailored accordingly.

Weight management providers may feel particularly comfortable with screening for BED because it is more commonly associated with overweight and obesity. McCuen-Wurst et al. (2018) found that approximately 30% of patients with BED experienced obesity during childhood, and those diagnosed with BED were up to six times more likely to experience obesity.²⁴ EDs are among the expanding list of comorbidities and psychosocial factors that should be assessed and managed when caring for patients with obesity. However, even among PWMPs, providers face challenges when trying to implement systematic evaluation of ED symptoms. There is evidence that EDs among individuals with obesity are undetected, leading to poorer prognoses.^20,25 Timely engagement with a specialized multidisciplinary team to treat BED and other EDs is crucial for effective treatment.

The treatment pathways for obesity and EDs are often “siloed,”²⁶ meaning that weight management providers typically do not treat EDs within PWMPs, instead referring them to ED providers or specialty clinics. Furthermore, results from the current study suggest providers in non-weight management sub-specialty clinics (i.e., Endocrinology) were even less comfortable diagnosing EDs and treating BED than providers in programs offering PWM only. It is likely that this discomfort with ED diagnosis and treatment along with the siloed nature of ED treatment programs contributes to challenges getting patients appropriate support, referrals, and specialized care. This may be due to the number of barriers to management of EDs in PWMPs highlighted by the findings of this study, including lack of time, training, and resources. Similarly, Lebow et al. found that pediatric providers cited a lack of education, time, and resources as barriers to providing comprehensive ED treatment within primary care offices.²⁵

Concerns exist around the potential for engagement in PWMPs to inadvertently reinforce extreme weight control behaviors. However, structured weight management programs have been shown to decrease the risk and improve symptoms of EDs.¹¹ Jebeile et al. (2019) found that receiving care at PWMPs reduced bulimic symptoms, emotional eating, binge eating, and the drive for thinness for youth that remained engaged in treatment.¹¹ This finding corresponds with recent survey research among nutrition and obesity-treatment providers at public hospitals and private practices treating adult and pediatric EDs, most of whom reported that disordered eating and obesity treatment can coexist, but should include a patient-centered, multidisciplinary approach that focuses on healthy eating habits.²⁷

Currently, the relationship between the development of EDs and the use of antiobesity medications (AOMs) is not well understood. Some evidence exists that AOMs can decrease BED symptoms in adults.²⁸ Meanwhile, there have been documented concerns from experts related to the risk of AOMs exacerbating eating disorder pathology, particularly for adolescents.^29,30 Given the rapid increase in AOM prescriptions among adolescents³⁰ and the current research limitations on these medications and their relation to EDs in adolescence, the importance of provider education, early detection, and comfort with addressing EDs within PWM programs is critical.

This study also found that only a third of programs who screen for EDs use validated assessment instruments. This may be due to the lack of efficient and comprehensive screening tools. Current screeners, such as the Youth Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, ADO-BED, and the Children’s Brief Binge-Eating Questionnaire, primarily focus on BED and do not cover the full spectrum of EDs.³¹ The AAP is currently working to develop more comprehensive screening methods that are better integrated with vulnerable populations and more suitable for patients with obesity, which will be helpful for providers in PWMPs to consider in the future.

The limitations of the current study are important to recognize. First, our sample size of PWMP participants was relatively small, and may have been biased toward providers with a particular interest in this topic and, therefore, more likely to respond to the survey. However, our response rate of 42% is consistent with that found in other survey-based research.³² Second, the generalizability of findings to providers in PWMPs in other areas of the world is limited, given our survey was distributed to known providers in the United States. Third, only one provider from each PWMP completed the survey; therefore, responses may not be representative of the practices of each provider in the program, particularly those of other disciplines.

Despite these limitations, our study has several strengths. It is the first to evaluate the behaviors and perceptions of clinicians who provide PWM treatment. The surveyed respondents represent a group of clinicians with training and experience treating pediatric obesity, offering unique insights into current practices among these specialty providers. Lastly, the study examines not only current screening and treatment practices related to disordered eating but also identifies barriers to implementation, helping to inform how treatment programs could better address the needs of pediatric patients with obesity and DEBs. This study provides information regarding current practices of ED screening and treatment in PWMPs and provides important implications for future clinical practice and research in this area. Increasing training for providers in the use and interpretation of validated ED screening instruments are important, as is providing training in ED-focused treatments that could be provided in PWMPs and when and where to refer. Providers should also increase and expand collaborations with colleagues providing ED treatment to help facilitate appropriate referrals to services, but also continuity of care for patients with comorbid obesity and EDs. The impact of AOMs should also be further explored and considered in the context of ED assessment and treatment in PWMPs.

Supplementary Material

Appendix

NIHMS2193856-supplement-Appendix.docx^{(118.9KB, docx)}

Supplementary Appendix

Impact Statement.

This research examines the prevalence of eating disorder (EDs) assessment practices in pediatric weight management programs (PWMPs) in the United States. EDs are common among adolescents with obesity, but are often not assessed using validated screening tools. Our findings can inform the development of strategies to prepare pediatric weight management (PWM) providers to integrate ED assessments into their practice.

Funding Information

This study was not funded. The authors have no funding to disclose.

Footnotes

Author Disclosure Statement

The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

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Associated Data

This section collects any data citations, data availability statements, or supplementary materials included in this article.

Supplementary Materials

Appendix

NIHMS2193856-supplement-Appendix.docx^{(118.9KB, docx)}

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[R32] 32.Shiyab W, Ferguson C, Rolls K, et al. Solutions to address low response rates in online surveys. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2023;22(4):441–444; doi: 10.1093/eurjcn/zvad030 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

PERMALINK

Identifying and Managing Eating Disorders in Pediatric Obesity Treatment: Current Practices in Weight Management Programs throughout the United States

Eileen Chaves, PhD, MSc

Cristina Fernandez, MD

Sanita Ley, PhD

Helena Laroche, MD

Adolfo J Ariza, MD

Marsha B Novick, MD

Kimberly Genuario, PhD

Christine San Giovanni, MD, MSCR

Amy Egbert, PhD

Crystal S Lim, PhD, ABPP

Jared M Tucker, PhD

Abstract

Background:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusions:

Introduction

Table 1.

Methods

Design and Participants

Measures

Analyses

Results

Sample

Table 2.

Eating Disorder Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Barriers to Eating Disorder Screening and Treatment

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Conclusions/Discussion

Supplementary Material

Impact Statement.

Funding Information

Footnotes

References

Associated Data

Supplementary Materials

ACTIONS

PERMALINK

RESOURCES

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