Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Journal of Accident & Emergency Medicine logoLink to Journal of Accident & Emergency Medicine
. 1998 Jan;15(1):7–12. doi: 10.1136/emj.15.1.7

Anterior glenohumeral dislocations: what to do and how to do it.

A P Gleeson 1
PMCID: PMC1342999  PMID: 9475214

Full text

PDF
7

Images in this article

9Figure 2
on p.9
9p9-b
on p.9
10Figure 3
on p.10
10Figure 4
on p.10
11Figure 5
on p.11

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Anderson D., Zvirbulis R., Ciullo J. Scapular manipulation for reduction of anterior shoulder dislocations. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1982 Apr;(164):181–183. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Banerjee A. Is anaesthesia necessary for reducing shoulder dislocation? Arch Emerg Med. 1990 Sep;7(3):240–240. doi: 10.1136/emj.7.3.240. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Beattie T. F., Steedman D. J., McGowan A., Robertson C. E. A comparison of the Milch and Kocher techniques for acute anterior dislocation of the shoulder. Injury. 1986 Sep;17(5):349–352. doi: 10.1016/0020-1383(86)90161-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bridle S. H., Ferris B. D. Irreducible acute anterior dislocation of the shoulder: interposed scapularis. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1990 Nov;72(6):1078–1079. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.72B6.2246295. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Danzl D. F., Vicario S. J., Gleis G. L., Yates J. R., Parks D. L. Closed reduction of anterior subcoracoid shoulder dislocation. Evaluation of an external rotation method. Orthop Rev. 1986 May;15(5):311–315. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. DePalma A. F., Flannery G. F. Acute anterior dislocation of the shoulder. J Sports Med. 1973 Jan-Feb;1(2):6–15. doi: 10.1177/036354657300100201. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Downey E. F., Jr, Curtis D. J., Brower A. C. Unusual dislocations of the shoulder. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1983 Jun;140(6):1207–1210. doi: 10.2214/ajr.140.6.1207. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Doyle W. L., Ragar T. Use of the scapular manipulation method to reduce an anterior shoulder dislocation in the supine position. Ann Emerg Med. 1996 Jan;27(1):92–94. doi: 10.1016/s0196-0644(96)70303-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Edeland H. G., Stefánsson T. Block of the suprascapular nerve in reduction of acute anterior shoulder dislocation. Case reports. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1973;17(1):46–49. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1973.tb00796.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Farrugia P. D. Superior glenohumeral dislocation--a case report. Injury. 1985 Jul;16(7):489–490. doi: 10.1016/0020-1383(85)90177-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Ferkel R. D., Hedley A. K., Eckardt J. J. Anterior fracture-dislocations of the shoulder: pitfalls in treatment. J Trauma. 1984 Apr;24(4):363–367. doi: 10.1097/00005373-198404000-00016. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Gleeson A. P., Graham C. A., Jones I., Beggs I., Nutton R. W. Comparison of intra-articular lignocaine and a suprascapular nerve block for acute anterior shoulder dislocation. Injury. 1997 Mar;28(2):141–142. doi: 10.1016/s0020-1383(96)00167-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. HENDERSON R. S. Fracture-dislocation of the shoulder with interposition of long head of biceps. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1952 May;34-B(2):240–241. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.34B2.240. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Hawkins R. J., Bell R. H., Hawkins R. H., Koppert G. J. Anterior dislocation of the shoulder in the older patient. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1986 May;(206):192–195. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Hussein M. K. Kocher's method is 3,000 years old. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1968 Aug;50(3):669–671. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Inao S., Hirayama T., Takemitsu Y. Irreducible acute anterior dislocation of the shoulder: interposed bicipital tendon. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1990 Nov;72(6):1079–1080. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.72B6.2246296. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Janecki C. J., Barnett D. C. Fracture-dislocation of the shoulder with biceps tendon interposition. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1979 Jan;61(1):142–143. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Johnson G., Hulse W., McGowan A. The Milch technique for reduction of anterior shoulder dislocations in an accident and emergency department. Arch Emerg Med. 1992 Mar;9(1):40–43. doi: 10.1136/emj.9.1.40. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Kahn M. L., Bade H. A., 3rd, Stein I. Body surfing as a cause of luxatio erecta: report of four cases. Orthop Rev. 1987 Oct;16(10):729–733. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Kazár B., Relovszky E. Prognosis of primary dislocation of the shoulder. Acta Orthop Scand. 1969;40(2):216–224. doi: 10.3109/17453676908989501. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Kothari R. U., Dronen S. C. Prospective evaluation of the scapular manipulation technique in reducing anterior shoulder dislocations. Ann Emerg Med. 1992 Nov;21(11):1349–1352. doi: 10.1016/s0196-0644(05)81900-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Krøner K., Lind T., Jensen J. The epidemiology of shoulder dislocations. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 1989;108(5):288–290. doi: 10.1007/BF00932317. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. LACEY T., 2nd, CRAWFORD H. B. Reduction of anterior dislocations of the shoulder by means of the Milch abduction technique. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1952 Jan;34-A(1):108–109. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Lippert F. G., 3rd A modification of the gravity method of reducing anterior shoulder dislocations. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1982 May;(165):259–260. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Mallon W. J., Bassett F. H., 3rd, Goldner R. D. Luxatio erecta: the inferior glenohumeral dislocation. J Orthop Trauma. 1990;4(1):19–24. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Matthews D. E., Roberts T. Intraarticular lidocaine versus intravenous analgesic for reduction of acute anterior shoulder dislocations. A prospective randomized study. Am J Sports Med. 1995 Jan-Feb;23(1):54–58. doi: 10.1177/036354659502300109. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. McLAUGHLIN H. L., CAVALLARO W. U. Primary anterior dislocation of the shoulder. Am J Surg. 1950 Nov 15;80(6):615–passim. doi: 10.1016/0002-9610(50)90581-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. McNAIR T. J. A clinical trial of the hanging arm reduction of dislocation of the shoulder. J R Coll Surg Edinb. 1957 Sep;3(1):47–53. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. McNamara R. M. Reduction of anterior shoulder dislocations by scapular manipulation. Ann Emerg Med. 1993 Jul;22(7):1140–1144. doi: 10.1016/s0196-0644(05)80979-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Mirick M. J., Clinton J. E., Ruiz E. External rotation method of shoulder dislocation reduction. JACEP. 1979 Dec;8(12):528–531. doi: 10.1016/s0361-1124(79)80302-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Neer C. S., 2nd Displaced proximal humeral fractures. I. Classification and evaluation. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1970 Sep;52(6):1077–1089. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Neer C. S., 2nd Displaced proximal humeral fractures. II. Treatment of three-part and four-part displacement. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1970 Sep;52(6):1090–1103. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Pick R. Y. Treatment of the dislocated shoulder. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1977 Mar-Apr;(123):76–77. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Plummer D., Clinton J. The external rotation method for reduction of acute anterior shoulder dislocation. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 1989 Feb;7(1):165–175. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Riebel G. D., McCabe J. B. Anterior shoulder dislocation: a review of reduction techniques. Am J Emerg Med. 1991 Mar;9(2):180–188. doi: 10.1016/0735-6757(91)90187-o. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Rollinson P. D. Reduction of shoulder dislocations by the hanging method. S Afr Med J. 1988 Jan 23;73(2):106–107. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Royle G. Treatment of acute anterior dislocation of the shoulder. Br J Clin Pract. 1973 Nov;27(11):403–404. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Russell J. A., Holmes E. M., 3rd, Keller D. J., Vargas J. H., 3rd Reduction of acute anterior shoulder dislocations using the Milch technique: a study of ski injuries. J Trauma. 1981 Sep;21(9):802–804. doi: 10.1097/00005373-198109000-00009. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Seradge H., Orme G. Acute irreducible anterior dislocation of the shoulder. J Trauma. 1982 Apr;22(4):330–332. doi: 10.1097/00005373-198204000-00013. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Thakur A. J., Narayan R. Painless reduction of shoulder dislocation by Kocher's method. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1990 May;72(3):524–524. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.72B3.2341466. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Underhill T. J., Wan A., Morrice M. Interscalene brachial plexus blocks in the management of shoulder dislocations. Arch Emerg Med. 1989 Sep;6(3):199–204. doi: 10.1136/emj.6.3.199. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Accident & Emergency Medicine are provided here courtesy of BMJ Publishing Group

RESOURCES