This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier policy on article withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies-and-standards/article-withdrawal).
This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief.
Post-publication, a journal wide investigation conducted by the journal Editors in collaboration with Elsevier's Research Integrity & Publishing Ethics team has identified the presence of a reference to a non-existent publication, as indicated below:
[24] St. Clair, W. Imperialism and Traditional African Culture. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1994)
The journal reached out to the authors for an explanation, but they failed to provide a satisfactory response. The Editor-in-Chief has lost confidence in the integrity and findings of the article and has determined it should be retracted.
The authors have not responded to the retraction notice.