David W. Bates MD, MSc
David Bates is Chief, Division of General Medicine at Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Medical Director, Clinical and Quality Analysis at Partners HealthCare System, Inc. He is also an Associate Professor in Medicine at Harvard Medical School and has a joint appointment at Harvard School of Public Health in the Department of Health Policy and Management. Dr. Bates received his BS degree in Chemistry from Stanford University, his MD from Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, and his MSc from Harvard School of Public Health (Department of Health Policy and Management). He completed residency training in internal medicine at the Oregon Health Sciences University and a postdoctoral research fellowship in medicine at the Harvard Medical School.
Dr. Bates' primary informatics interest has been the use of computerized decision support to improve safety and thereby reduce the costs of care. A particular focus has been on improving the systems by which drugs are given, to reduce the frequency of medication errors and adverse drug events. One study he led demonstrated that implementation of computerized physician order entry reduced the rate of serious medication errors by 55 percent. Other research interests include affecting physicians' decision making, particularly using computerized interventions; quality of care and cost-effectiveness in medical practice; and outcomes assessment.
Dr. Bates has been the recipient of numerous awards, including a National Research Service Award; the Henry Christian Award for Excellence in Research; the Culpeper Award; the Young Investigator of the Year from the Society of General Internal Medicine, Northeast Region; Clinical Investigator of the Year, Center for Healthcare Information Management; the Partners in Excellence Award Quality Treatment and Service and Leadership and Innovation; and the Cheers Award for Outstanding Contribution to Medication Error Prevention from the Institute for Safe Medication Practices.
Dr. Bates is a Scientific Advisor, SCRIPT Project, Health Care Financing Administration and Joint Commission for Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, and is on the American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA) Awards Committee. He is also a Harkness Fellow in Health Care Policy mentor, The Commonwealth Fund; a member of the Safe Steering Committee, National Quality Forum (NQF); and a member of the Safe Medication Use Expert Committee, U.S. Pharmacopeia. Dr. Bates is a member of the editorial boards of the Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, and The Joint Commission Journal on Quality Improvement.
Keith E. Campbell, MD, PhD
Keith Campbell is Chief Technology Officer for Inoveon Corporation in Sunnyvale, California. He is also Assistant Adjunct Professor in the Medical Information Sciences Graduate Group at the University of San Francisco (UCSF) of Biopharmaceutical Sciences. He received a BA degree magna cum laude in Chemistry from Central Washington University, an MD degree from the University of Southern California, and a PhD in Medical Information Sciences from Stanford University. He completed an internal medicine residency at Santa Clara Valley Medical Center.
Prior to moving to his current position, Dr. Campbell was Assistant National Director for Kaiser Permanente's National Clinical Information Systems, and has been a consultant to many companies, including Ameritech Knowledge Data, Lexical Technology, Oceania, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, Chiron Informatics, and the Veterans Administration. His primary area of research has been the development of methods for managing scalable distributed development of controlled terminologies, including terminology systems such as snomed rt. The Convergent Medical Terminology Project, which began as a collaboration between Kaiser Permanente, the Mayo Clinic, and the College of American Pathologists, was founded on his dissertation work on supporting distributed development of logic-based terminologies.
Dr. Campbell has served as a co-chair of the Health Level 7 (HL7) Vocabulary Technical Committee and as a member of the snomed Editorial Board and the snomed Clinical Terms Technical Design Team.
Carole A. Gassert, PhD, RN
Carole Gassert is the Informatics Nurse Consultant and Advisor for Informatics and Distance Learning in the Division of Nursing, Bureau of Health Professions, Health Resources and Services Administration. Dr. Gassert received a BS in Nursing from the University of Virginia, a Masters of Nursing from the University of Washington, and a PhD in Nursing with a minor in instructional design from the University of Texas in Austin.
Dr. Gassert has been a leader in establishing informatics as a specialty practice within nursing. Her initial informatics work was to implement a bedside clinical information system as a cardiac surgical clinical nurse specialist to link the cardiac-thoracic surgical suites and intensive care units. After her doctoral work in informatics, she developed and coordinated the first nursing informatics doctoral programs in the world, establishing standards for graduate nursing informatics education. She also developed a summer institute to help faculty and practicing nurses learn more about informatics. She has led an expert panel in establishing a national agenda for nursing informatics and developed initiatives in distance learning, telehealth, and credentialing.
Dr. Gassert has recently been inducted into the American Academy of Nursing. Her honors include recognition by the National League for Nursing for her contributions to nursing informatics education and the Administrator's Special Citation from Health and Human Services for her work in informatics. Dr. Gassert has served on national committees for the American Medical Informatics Association, the International Medical Informatics Association, the American Nurses Association, and Sigma Theta Tau International. She is currently on the Nursing Informatics 2003 planning committee and is working with a task force to revise the scope of practice and standards for nursing informatics.
Joseph W. Hales, PhD
Joe Hales is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Health Management and Informatics at the University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, where he is also Director of Health Informatics. He earned a BS in Electrical and Computer Engineering with University Honors from Brigham Young University. Dr. Hales then completed a PhD in Medical Informatics at the University of Utah.
Prior to his current position, Dr. Hales was a faculty member at Duke University, where he served as the Associate Director of the Training Program in Medical Informatics. In addition to research on clinical vocabularies and data models, his work has focused on electronic information resources and, more recently, on IAIMS infrastructure planning for electronic commerce in health care. His paper on the integration of the gopher protocol with a critical path documentation system is among the first to demonstrate this type of integration of Internet-information resources and clinical applications.
Dr. Hales has served as chair of the AMIA Education Committee and has served on the AAMC Medical School Objectives Project (MSOP) Task for Medical Informatics. He was chair of the Scientific Program Committee for the 1999 AMIA Spring Congress. Dr. Hales is now a member of the Board of Directors of AMIA and is on the Editorial Advisory Board of the Informatics Review.
Bonnie Kaplan, PhD
Bonnie Kaplan is a Lecturer at the Yale Center for Medical Informatics and a member of Yale University's Interdisciplinary Bioethics Project, a Senior Scientist in the Medical Information Systems Unit at Boston University, and President of Kaplan Associates. She holds an interdisciplinary bachelors degree in Mathematics and Computer Science from Cornell University and a PhD from the University of Chicago in the History department's program on the History of Science and Medicine. Her doctoral dissertation concerned the development of medical informatics.
Dr. Kaplan's interest in medical informatics dates to high school, where she learned computer programming at Downstate Medical Center and also in a NSF program at City University of New York. After studying computer science as an undergraduate, she conducted oral history interviews as part of the Smithsonian Institution's Computer History Project. Later in her graduate studies, she was a programmer/analyst at the University of Chicago Hospitals and Clinics and at Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center. In these positions, she wrote clinical computer applications that included a patient record system for radiation oncology and, with a colleague, an order-entry and results reporting system for a pediatrics biochemistry laboratory. She served on the ASTM E31.07 (later E31.13) standards committee for automated clinical laboratory systems. Given her interest on the history and sociology of science, technology and medicine, her recent focus has been on “evaluation” and “people and organizational issues.”
Dr. Kaplan was a founding member of both the People and Organizational Issues Working Group (POI WG) in AMIA and IMIA WG-13: Organizational and Social Issues. She chairs each of these working groups and edits their joint newsletter with EFMI's WG9: Human and Organizational Issues. Dr. Kaplan served on the program committee for the ACM Conference on the History of Medical Informatics at the National Library of Medicine in 1987. In 1999, she was appointed to chair AMIA's task force in consumer health informatics. She served on the Scientific Program Committee of the AMIA Spring 2000 Congress. She is on the Scientific Program Committee for the AMIA 2001 Symposium. In 2000, Dr. Kaplan received the AMIA President's Award.
Blackford Middleton, MD, MPH, MSc
Blackford Middleton is Chief Medical Officer at Medscape, Inc. He is also Associate Professor of Medical Informatics and Outcomes Research (Clinical) in the Biomedical Information and Communications Center at Oregon Health Sciences University and attending physician in the Department of Medicine Faculty Practice at Providence St. Vincent's Medical Center, Portland, Oregon. He received a BA degree in Molecular Biology and Biochemistry from the University of Colorado at Boulder, an MPH in Chronic Disease Epidemiology from Yale University, an MD from SUNY-Buffalo School of Medicine, and an MSc in Health Services Research from Stanford University.
Prior to his current position, Dr. Middleton was a member of the faculty in General Internal Medicine in the Section on Medical Informatics at Stanford, where he served as Medical Director for Information Management and Technology at Stanford University Medical Center. While serving in that position, he led the design and implementation of a comprehensive integrated clinical information management strategy, began the telemedicine program, and was a founder of the Institute for Decision Systems Research. In 1995, Dr. Middleton joined MedicaLogic (which later merged with Medscape) to establish the Clinical Informatics group. He became Chief Medical Officer at Medscape in 2000.
Dr. Middleton's interests focus on both the basic and applied science of medical informatics. His fellowship research at Stanford focused on the evaluation of a large-scale probabilistic inference system (QMR-DT) and assessment of various techniques and heuristics to reduce computational complexity. In the applied informatics arena, he has focused on creating an integrated clinical information management model to support efficient clinical decision making by providers and patients, the cost-benefit and return on investment in information technology, and the issues surrounding the design and implementation of practical information systems in complex environments. In recent work, Dr. Middleton has focused on ethical issues surrounding the creation of online health care tools and resources and the appropriate use of the Internet in health care. In his commercial endeavor, Dr. Middleton defined a vision for online health records that may be shared between physician and patient to improve clinical communication and clinical service delivery and enable a new model of collaborative chronic disease management.
Dr. Middleton has served on committees in the Computer-based Patient Record Institute (Chairman 1999-2000), the American Medical Informatics Association, the Healthcare Information Management and Systems Society, the American College of Physicians, and the Society for Medical Decision Making. Dr. Middleton has served as an expert consultant to the Institute of Medicine, the National Committee for Vital and Health Statistics, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, the National Center for Health Statistics, the National Commission on Quality Assurance, and the National Research Council Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems.
Patrice Degoulet, MD, PhD
Patrice Degoulet is Professor of Medical Informatics at Broussais–Hotel-Dieu School of Medicine, and Chief Information Officer at the Pompidou University Hospital in Paris, France. He received an MSc in Biostatistics and Medical Informatics from the University of Paris and an MD from Broussais Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris. He completed his internship and residency in Medicine with a specialty in Nephrology in Paris, and received a PhD in Medical Informatics from Pitié-Salpêtrière School of Medicine, University of Paris.
Prior to his current position, Dr. Degoulet served as an Assistant and Associate Professor of Biomedical Computing at Pitié-Salpêtrière School of Medicine. He served as Head of the Medical Informatics Department at Broussais–Hotel-Dieu School of Medicine, 1987–1998. He has been the Head of the Pompidou University Hospital Informatics Department since its opening in July 2000. Dr. Degoulet has been involved since 1975 in the development of disease-oriented medical record systems integrated with decision support tools. One of these systems for the care of patients with hypertension (artemis) is still an integral part of the Broussais and Pompidou Information Systems. He later contributed to the development of models, software tools, and components to foster the development of active computerized systems. These include LIED, a fourth-generation language and database system, and helios, a middleware environment for the development of medical applications and decision support systems.
Dr. Degoulet is currently a member of the editorial boards of Medical Informatics, Methods of Information in Medicine, the International Journal of Medical Informatics, and Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association. He has served as President of the “Association d'Informatique Médicale,” the EFMI representative society in IMIA, and is a member of the IFIP-IMIA Working Group 10, represents France in the International Medical Informatics Association, and was co-chair of the Scientific Program Committee of MedInfo 1998.
Otto Reinhoff, MD
Otto Reinhoff is Professor of Medical Informatics, and head of the Medical Informatics Division and the Hospital Computer Center of Göttingen University. He received a Medical Doctorate degree from the University of Münster Medical School in 1973. In 1980, he received a complementary degree as a specialist in Medical Informatics from the Physicians Chamber of Lower Saxony.
From 1985 to 1994, Dr. Reinhoff was a full Professor of Medical Informatics at the University of Marburg. While in that position he was responsible for establishing a Center for Medical Biometry and Informatics. Dr. Reinhoff served as President of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Medizinische Informatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie (GMDS) e. V. (German Association for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology) in 1993 and 1995. He served as President of the International Medical Informatics Association from 1995 to 1998, and has chaired the German working group: Health Professional Card. Dr. Reinhoff is Chair of the Coordination Committee for IT Solutions of Medical Research Networks of the Federal Ministry of Research.
Dr. Reinhoff has contributed to the field of Medical Informatics significantly in the areas applicability of new information technologies in health care, analysis of the influence of expert systems and online services on patients and health professionals, digital signatures and trusted third parties in health care, legal aspects of electronic patient records, quality management in medicine, and virtual reality in diagnostics and therapy.
In 1983, Dr. Reinhoff was Guest Lecturer at the Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town. He is a founding member of the National Committee on Classification Systems in Healthcare and a member of the German G-7 kernel Global Healthcare Applications. Dr. Reinhoff has participated in the High Performance Computing and Communication Program and Source Selection Advisory Group for the National Library of Medicine.