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Frontiers in Immunology logoLink to Frontiers in Immunology
. 2026 Jul 28;17:1933318. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1933318

Correction: PIGL promotes the docetaxel resistance of prostate cancer and is regulated by E3 ubiquitin ligase HUWE1

Pan Gao 1,2,3,4,†, Bo-Han Lin 1,2,†, Zhi Zhang 3,4, Ze-Yu Yi 1,2, Zhi-Bin Ke 1,2, Zhong-Hua Zhu 1,2, Zhen Kang 5,6,*, Yong Wei 1,2,*
PMCID: PMC13458253  PMID: 42582571

There was a mistake in Figure 1, Figure 3, Figure 6, Figure 7 as published. All Western blot panels in the Figure 1, Figure 3, Figure 6, and Figure 7 have been incorrectly replaced with the original gel images, and all group information, condition annotations, and molecular weight markers were erroneously removed. The corrected Figure 1, Figure 3, Figure 6, and Figure 7 appears below.

Figure 1.

Figure with multiple panels presenting data on PIGL expression in prostate cancer. Boxplots (A-C) show higher PIGL transcript levels in primary tumors, higher Gleason scores, and metastatic status versus controls. Kaplan-Meier curves (D, F, G, J, K) indicate lower survival and increased biochemical recurrence with high PIGL expression at both mRNA and protein levels. Bar graphs (E, I) demonstrate increased PIGL mRNA and protein in cancer versus adjacent tissue. Panel H displays a western blot for PIGL and GAPDH with cancer and normal tissue samples. Statistical significance is denoted by asterisks.

PIGL is highly expressed in PCa and associated with poor prognosis. (A) The differential expression of PIGL mRNA between normal and PCa tissues analyzed by TCGA-PARD dataset. (B) The association of expression level of PIGL mRNA with Gleason score analyzed by TCGA-PARD dataset. (C) The association of expression level of PIGL mRNA with nodal metastasis analyzed by TCGA-PARD dataset. (D) The association of expression level of PIGL mRNA with overall survival (OS) analyzed by TCGA PARD dataset. (E) RT-qPCR showing the differential expression of PIGL mRNA between PCa tissues and paired tissues adjacent to cancer from patients in our centers; paired two-tailed student’s t-test. (F, G) The association of expression level of PIGL mRNA in PCa tissues from patients in our centers with biochemical recurrence-free survival (BCRFS) and OS; Kaplan-Meier analysis Gehan-Breslow-Wilcoxon test. (H, I) Western blot and the quantitative results showing the differential expression of PIGL protein between PCa tissues and paired tissues adjacent to cancer from patients in our centers; paired two-tailed student’s t-test. (J, K) The association of expression level of PIGL protein in PCa tissues from patients in our centers with BCRFS and OS; Kaplan-Meier analysis followed by Gehan-Breslow-Wilcoxon test. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.

Figure 3.

Panel A shows bar graphs comparing relative mRNA and protein expression of PIGL in groups with longer and shorter progression-free survival (PFS), indicating significantly higher protein expression in the shorter PFS group. Panel B contains Kaplan-Meier survival curves for progression-free and overall survival based on PIGL mRNA levels, showing no significant difference. Panel C displays western blot bands of PIGL and GAPDH across ten patient samples. Panel D presents Kaplan-Meier curves for progression-free and overall survival based on PIGL protein levels, showing significantly worse survival for high PIGL protein expression. Panel E shows bar graphs of relative PIGL mRNA expression in DU145 vs. DU145R and PC-3 vs. PC-3R cell lines with no significant difference. Panel F includes western blot images and bar graphs depicting significantly higher PIGL protein levels in DU145R and PC-3R compared to DU145 and PC-3 cells.

The expression level of PIGL protein rather than mRNA was increased in the docetaxel-resistant PCa cells and tissues. (A) RT-qPCR showing the differential expression of PIGL mRNA between longer progression-free survival (PFS) and shorter PFS PCa biopsy tissues from mCRPC patients receiving docetaxel chemotherapy in our centers; unpaired two-tailed student’s t-test. (B) The association of expression level of PIGL mRNA with PFS and overall survival (OS) in PCa biopsy tissues from mCRPC patients receiving docetaxel chemotherapy; Kaplan-Meier analysis followed by Gehan-Breslow-Wilcoxon test. (C) Western blot and the quantitative results showing the differential expression of PIGL protein between longer PFS and shorter PFS PCa biopsy tissues from mCRPC patients receiving docetaxel chemotherapy in our centers; unpaired two-tailed student’s t-test. (D) The association of expression level of PIGL protein with PFS and OS in PCa biopsy tissues from mCRPC patients receiving docetaxel chemotherapy; Kaplan-Meier analysis followed by Gehan-Breslow-Wilcoxon test. (E) RT-qPCR showing the differential expression of PIGL mRNA between docetaxel-resistant and docetaxel-sensitive PCa cells; unpaired two-tailed student’s t-test. (F) Western blot and the quantitative results showing the expression level of PIGL protein between docetaxel-resistant and docetaxel-sensitive PCa cells; unpaired two-tailed student’s t-test. ***P < 0.001.

Figure 6.

Seven scientific panels present data on HUWE1 and PIGL expression in PC-3 and DU145 cells, including bar graphs showing mRNA and protein levels, western blots with size markers, and immunoprecipitation results. Statistical significance is indicated by asterisks and “ns” for not significant.

HUWE1 regulates the expression of PIGL protein rather than mRNA. (A) RT-qPCR showing the effect PIGL silencing on the mRNA expression of HUWE1 in PC-3 cells; one-way ANOVA test. (B) Western blot and the quantitative results showing the effect PIGL silencing on the protein expression of HUWE1 in PC-3 cells; one-way ANOVA test. (C) RT-qPCR indicating the mRNA efficiency of HUWE1 overexpression in PC-3 cells and the effect HUWE1 overexpression on the mRNA expression of PIGL in PC-3 cells; unpaired two-tailed student’s t-test. (D) Western blot and the quantitative results showing the protein efficiency of HUWE1 overexpression in PC-3 cells and the effect HUWE1 overexpression on the protein expression of PIGL in PC-3 cells; unpaired two-tailed student’s t-test (E) RT-qPCR indicating the mRNA efficiency of HUWE1 knockdown in DU145 cells and the effect of HUWE1 knockdown on the mRNA expression of PIGL in DU145 cells; one-way ANOVA test. (F) Western blot and the quantitative results showing the protein efficiency of HUWE1 knockdown in DU145 cells and the effect HUWE1 knockdown on the protein expression of PIGL inDU145 cells; one-way ANOVA test. (G) Endogenous ubiquitination assay showing the effect of HUWE1 knockdown on the poly-ubiquitination of PIGL in CRPC cells treated with MG132 (10 μM) for 6 h. ***P < 0.001.

Figure 7.

Figure composed of multiple panels analyzing HUWE1 expression in prostate cancer. Panel A displays a box plot comparing HUWE1 transcripts per million between normal and primary tumor samples, showing no significant difference. Panel B presents bar graphs of mRNA and protein expression in adjacent tissue versus cancer tissue, both showing no significant difference. Panel C shows a Western blot of HUWE1 and b-actin in adjacent and tumor tissues. Panel D illustrates higher HUWE1 mRNA and protein expression in samples with longer progression-free survival, indicated as statistically significant. Panel E presents a Western blot for HUWE1 and b-actin in samples with shorter and longer progression-free survival. Panel F contains Kaplan-Meier survival curves demonstrating higher HUWE1 mRNA or protein correlates with longer progression-free survival. Panel G shows bar graphs of relative HUWE1 mRNA expression in DU145, DU145R, PC-3, and PC-3R cell lines, with significant decreases in resistant lines. Panel H features a Western blot and quantification of HUWE1 protein in these cell lines, showing decreased expression in resistant cells.

HUWE1 was downregulated in docetaxel-resistant PCa cells and tissues and associated with prognosis. (A) The differential expression of HUWE1 mRNA between normal and PCa tissues analyzed by TCGA-PARD dataset. (B) RT-qPCR showing the differential expression of HUWE1 mRNA between PCa tissues and paired tissues adjacent to cancer from patients in our centers; paired two-tailed student’s t-test. (C) Western blot and the quantitative results showing the differential expression of HUWE1 protein between PCa tissues and paired tissues adjacent to cancer from patients in our centers; paired two-tailed student’s t-test. (D) RT-qPCR showing the differential expression of HUWE1 mRNA between longer PFS and shorter PFS PCa biopsy tissues from mCRPC patients receiving docetaxel chemotherapy in our centers; unpaired two-tailed student’s t-test. (E) Western blot and the quantitative results showing the differential expression of HUWE1 protein between longer PFS and shorter PFS PCa biopsy tissues from mCRPC patients receiving docetaxel chemotherapy in our centers; unpaired two-tailed student’s t-test. (F) The association of expression level of HUWE1 mRNA and protein with PFS in PCa biopsy tissues from mCRPC patients receiving docetaxel chemotherapy. (G) RT-qPCR showing the differential expression of HUWE1 mRNA between docetaxel-resistant and docetaxel-sensitive PCa cells; unpaired two-tailed student’s t-test. (H) Western blot and the quantitative results showing the expression level of HUWE1 protein between docetaxel-resistant and docetaxel-sensitive PCa cells; unpaired two-tailed student’s t-test. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.

The original version of this article has been updated.

Footnotes

Edited and reviewed by: Takaji Matsutani, Anymics Inc, Japan

Publisher’s note

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