Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior logoLink to Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
. 1984 May;41(3):309–317. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1984.41-309

Effects of morphine, clonidine, and intensity change on electric-shock discrimination.

R F Genovese, L A Dykstra
PMCID: PMC1348061  PMID: 6736859

Abstract

The effects of morphine, clonidine, and changes in stimulus intensity were examined in squirrel monkeys responding on one of two levers following brief presentations of one of two electric-shock intensities (0.1 and 0.5 mA). Responses were designated as correct or incorrect depending on which shock intensity had been presented and which lever was pressed. Morphine (0.42 to 1.80 mg/kg) and clonidine (0.075 to 0.18 mg/kg) decreased percentage correct responding. Morphine and clonidine also increased response latency and the number of shock presentations that were not followed by responses. Changes in shock intensity also decreased percentage correct responding but had no effect on response latency or on the number of shock presentations not followed by responses.

Full text

PDF
309

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Dykstra L. A. Discrimination of electric shock: effects of some opioid and nonopioid drugs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1980 May;213(2):234–240. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Dykstra L. A. Effects of morphine, diazepam and chlorpromazine on discrimination of electric shock. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1979 May;209(2):297–303. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Dykstra L. A. Effects of morphine, levonantradol, and N-methyllevonantradol on shock intensity discrimination. J Clin Pharmacol. 1981 Aug-Sep;21(8-9):341S–347S. doi: 10.1002/j.1552-4604.1981.tb02613.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Fielding S., Wilker J., Hynes M., Szewczak M., Novick W. J., Jr, Lal H. A comparison of clonidine with morphine for antinociceptive and antiwithdrawal actions. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1978 Dec;207(3):899–905. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Gebhart G. F. Opiate and opioid peptide effects on brain stem neurons: relevance to nociception and antinociceptive mechanisms. Pain. 1982 Feb;12(2):93–140. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(82)90189-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Gold M. S., Pottash A. C., Sweeney D. R., Kleber H. D. Opiate withdrawal using clonidine. A safe, effective, and rapid nonopiate treatment. JAMA. 1980 Jan 25;243(4):343–346. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Grier J. B. Nonparametric indexes for sensitivity and bias: computing formulas. Psychol Bull. 1971 Jun;75(6):424–429. doi: 10.1037/h0031246. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Grilly D. M., Genovese R. F. Assessment of shock discrimination in rats with signal detection theory. Percept Psychophys. 1979 Jun;25(6):466–472. doi: 10.3758/bf03213824. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Grilly D. M., Genovese R. F., Nowak M. J. Effects of morphine, d-amphetamine, and pentobarbital on shock and light discrimination performance in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1980;70(2):213–217. doi: 10.1007/BF00435317. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Hernandez L. L., Appel J. B. An analysis of some perceptual effects of morphine, chlorpromazine, and LSD. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1979 Jan 31;60(2):125–130. doi: 10.1007/BF00432282. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Hernández L. L., Appel J. B. Effects of pentazocine and other opiates on shock detection in the rat: involvement of opiate and dopamine receptors. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1980 Feb;67(2):155–163. doi: 10.1007/BF00431971. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Lloyd M. A., Appel J. B., McGowan W. T., 3rd Effects of morphine and chlorpromazine on the detection of shock. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1978 Jul 19;58(3):241–246. doi: 10.1007/BF00427386. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. McCleary P. E., Leander J. D. Clonidine analgesia and suppression of operant responding: dissociation of mechanism. Eur J Pharmacol. 1981 Jan 5;69(1):63–69. doi: 10.1016/0014-2999(81)90602-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Miksic S., Shearman G., Lal H. Generalization study with some narcotic and nonnarcotic drugs in rats trained for morphine-saline discrimination. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1978 Dec 15;60(1):103–104. doi: 10.1007/BF00429187. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Poling A., Simmons M. A., Appel J. B. Morphine and shock detection: effects on shock intensity. Commun Psychopharmacol. 1978;2(4):333–336. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Shearman G. T., Lal H., Ursillo R. C. Effectiveness of lofexidine in blocking morphine-withdrawal signs in the rat. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1980 Apr;12(4):573–575. doi: 10.1016/0091-3057(80)90191-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. West K. B., Hernandez L. L., Appel J. B. Drugs and visual perception: effects of LSD, morphine and chloropromazine on accuracy, bias and speed. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1982;76(4):320–324. doi: 10.1007/BF00449118. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior are provided here courtesy of Society for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior

RESOURCES