The authors retract this article (DOI: 10.1021/acsestair.4c00309) because the authors discovered critical errors in the experiments described in the article. After the publication, the authors received comments at a scientific meeting that onion-like carbon particles might be formed during the production of carbon films used for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis (Iijima, 1980, DOI: 10.1016/0022-0248(80)90013-5). The authors conducted validation experiments, including reanalysis of the TEM samples used in the study, and identified a significant number of onion-like particles and trace particles in the blank samples. Consequently, it became difficult to conclude that the onion-like particles and trace particles originated from the jet engine exhaust, which was one of the major findings of this study.
The original article was published on April 8, 2025, and retracted on July 20, 2026.