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. 2026 Aug 18;15(8):858. doi: 10.3390/pathogens15080858
µL Microliter
aer Aerobactin gene
ATCC American Type Culture Collection
Bp base pairs
CAUTI Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection
CAUTIs Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections
CHCA α-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid
cnf Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor gene
DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid
dNTPs Deoxynucleotide triphosphates
ExPEC Extraintestinal Pathogenic E. coli
fimH Type 1 fimbrial adhesion gene
foc F1C fimbriae gene
hly Hemolysin gene
ICU Intensive Care Unit
IDSA Infectious Diseases Society of America
IL-6 Interleukin-6
IL-8 Interleukin-8
MALDI-TOF Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionisation–Time of Flight
MDR Multidrug-Resistant
mPCR Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction
MVP Magnetic Viral Protocol (KingFisher protocol name)
NC Negative Control
NHLS National Health Laboratory Service
NICU Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
papC Pyelonephritis-associated pili gene
PC Positive Control
PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction
RNA Ribonucleic Acid
sfa S fimbriae gene
SPSS Statistical Package for the Social Sciences
ST Sequence Type
TAE Tris-Acetate-EDTA buffer
TBE Tris-Borate-EDTA buffer
UPEC Uropathogenic Escherichia coli
USA United States of America
UTI Urinary Tract Infection
UTIs Urinary Tract Infections
WGS Whole-Genome Sequencing