Description of the error
There was an error in Table 3 in our original Article, in the cell reporting the studies and patients synthesized to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the Biofire Film Array® test for S pneumoniae. The paper reported that 12 studies supported this specific analysis. The table showed references 30 and 34 (30,34) but this should have been resported as “30–34”. Therefore, in total 16 studies were actually included in the analyses, but the publication failed to display all the studies. This error occurred at the copyediting stage and did not mean that those studies were not included. Table 3 has now been corrected and is included herein.
Table 3.
Meta-analyses of all bacteria and per bacteria and viruses, with reference test 1 and reference test 2.
| Reference test 1a |
Reference test 2b |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. Studies/No. Patients(Ref. studies) | Sensitivity (95%CI) X2; p valuec | Specificity (95%CI) X2; p valuec | LR+ (95%CI) | LR-(95%CI) | No. Studies/No. Patients (Ref. studies) | Sensitivity (95%CI) X2; p value¥ | Specificity (95%CI) X2; p value¥ | LR+ (95%CI) | LR−(95%CI) | |
| All bacteria | 16/618310,17-22,24-27,29-33 | 89.5 (81.1–94.4) 6.00; 0.98 | 97.4 (94–98.9) 251.9; <0.0001 | 34 (2.68–137) | 0.11 (0.07–3.64) | 15/554510,17,29-33,18-22,24,26,27 | 93.5 (87.8–96.6) 2.17; 0.99 | 99.1 (97.8–99.6) 60.2; <0.0001 | 104 (7.60–3.98) | 0.07 (0.07–3.58) |
| S. pneumoniae | 16/709010,17-22,24–26,30–34 | 87.5 (77–94) 3.71; 0.999 | 98.5 (97–99.3) 144.7; <0.0001 | 58 (4.63–238) | 0.13 (0.07–3.60) | 10/528710,17,30,32,33,34,18,21,22,24 | 93 (83.3–97.2) 2.64; 0.91 | 99.4 (98.2–99.8) 51.2; <0.0001 | 155 (11–600) | 0.07 (0.07–3.58) |
| H. influenzae | 10/495910,17,18,20-22,24,25,30,32 | 64.9 (39.5–84) 4.91; 0.842 | 99.4 (98.9–99.6) 22.4; 0.07 | 108 (11–601) | 0.35 (0.07–3.57) | 7/317610,17,18,20,21,24,30 | 81.1 (55.6–93.6) 4.97; 0.42 | 99.8 (99.5–99.9) 5.53; 0.354 | 405 (28–1889) | 0.19 (0.07–3.56) |
| S. agalactiae | 10/526610,17,18,20,22,25-27,31,33 | 71.5 (49.6–86.5) 7.67; 0.56 | 99.5 (98.5–99.9) 7.67; 0.56 | 143 (13–722) | 0.29 (0.07–3.57) | 5/254310,17,18,20,27 | 81.4 (52.3–94.6) 6.71; 0.15 | 99.4 (97.7–99.9) 23.42; <0.0001 | 136 (11–609) | 0.19 (0.07–3.57) |
| E. coli | 11/474310,17-21,25,27,30,32,33 | 70.9 (50.2–85.5) 4.93; 0.896 | 99.6 (99.1–99.8) 25.5; 0.0043 | 177 (16–909) | 0.29 (0.07–3.56) | 5/257010,18,20,30,32 | 76.3 (47.6–91.9) 3.56; 0.46 | 99.6 (98.7–99.9) 12.62; 0.01 | 191 (15–925) | 0.24 (0.07–3.56) |
| N. meningitidis | 10/350117,18,20-22,24,25,29,30,31 | 74.5 (52.9–88.4) 2.26; 0.986 | 99.1 (98.6–99.5) 20.9; 0.013 | 83 (7.48–400) | 0.26 (0.07–3.58) | 5/195018,21,22,30,31 | 84.4 (53.9–96.2) 0.84; 0.838 | 99.1 (98.8–99.9) 1.17; 0.759 | 281 (19–1265) | 0.16 (0.07–3.56) |
| L. monocytogenes | 7/133218,21,24,25,29,31,32 | 70.4 (40–89.5) 0.504; 0.008 | 98.9 (96.9–99.6) 5.62; 0.22 | 54 (4.99–280) | 0.30 (0.07–3.60) | 3/55018,21,24 | 80.4 (40.4–96.1) 0.205; 0.903 | 99.5 (97.8–99.9) 2.13; 0.344 | 161 (9.03–796) | 0.20 (0.07–3.57) |
| Enterovirus | 3/688310,22,23 | 93.8 (87–97.2) 2.91; 0.23 | 99.3 (98.7–99.7) 28.53; <0.001 | 313 (22–1209) | 0.06 (0.07–3.56) | 3/688310,22,23 | 99.8 (86.1–97.4) 4.18; 0.123 | 99.9 (99.7–100) 3.43; 0.179 | 998 (58–3763) | 0.04 (0.07–3.55) |
| HSV-1 | 3/688310,22,23 | 75.5 (51.2–90.1) 1.18; 0.554 | 99.9 (94.7–100) 2.55; 0.28 | 755 (58–3763) | 0.25 (0.07–3.55) | 3/688310,22,23 | 78.2 (58.1–90.3) 0.69; 0.706 | 99.9 (99.8–100) 1.8; 0.405 | 782 (58–3763) | 0.22 (0.07–3.55) |
| HSV-2 | 3/688310,22,23 | 94.4 (83.9–98.2) 0.435; 0.804 | 99.9 (99.7–100) 1.36; 0.507 | 944 (58–3763) | 0.06 (0.07–3.55) | 3/688310,22,23 | 94.5 (84.2–98.2) 0.46; 0.79 | 99.9 (99.8–100) 1.36; 0.507 | 945 (58–3763) | 0.06 (0.07–3.55) |
| VZV | 4/689710,21,23,29 | 91.4 (78.9–96.9) 0.82; 0.84 | 99.8 (98.7–100) 23.55; <0.001 | 457 (32–1832) | 0.09 (0.07–3.56) | 4/689710,21,23,29 | 93.3 (83.6–97.4) 0.16; 0.91 | 99.9 (99.6–100) 6.23; 0.004 | 933 (58–3763) | 0.07 (0.07–3.55) |
CSF: Cerebro-Spinal fluid; LR+: Positive Likelihood ratio; LR−: Negative Likelihood ratio; X2: Chi-2 test.
Reference Test 1: Aerobic CSF cultures/Blood culture or viral PCR.
Reference Test 2: It was applied only in case of disagreement of RT1. Final adjudication of the diagnosis through a retrospective analysis of each case by the authors based on additional molecular testing, findings, and clinical evolution, and/or the results of the cerebrospinal fluid study.
Chi2-test and corresponding p-value to assess presence of statistical heterogeneity.
Impact on results and conclusion
This error does not affect the findings or the conclusions of our analyses. The studies reported in the corrected Table 3 in this Article were already included in the original analyses, and the results therefore remain the same.