Skip to main content
The Journal of Physiology logoLink to The Journal of Physiology
. 1958 Oct 31;143(3):387–402. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1958.sp006067

Neuromuscular interaction in postural tone of the cat's isometric soleus muscle

Ragnar Granit
PMCID: PMC1356722  PMID: 13588563

Full text

PDF
387

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Adrian E. D., Zotterman Y. The impulses produced by sensory nerve-endings: Part II. The response of a Single End-Organ. J Physiol. 1926 Apr 23;61(2):151–171. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1926.sp002281. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Cooper S., Creed R. S. Reflex effects of active muscular contraction. J Physiol. 1927 Jan 12;62(3):273–279. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1927.sp002358. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Cooper S. The isometric responses of mammalian muscles. J Physiol. 1930 Jun 27;69(4):377–385. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1930.sp002657. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. ECCLES J. C., ECCLES R. M., LUNDBERG A. Durations of after-hyperpolarization of motoneurones supplying fast and slow muscles. Nature. 1957 Apr 27;179(4565):866–868. doi: 10.1038/179866b0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. ECCLES J. C., ECCLES R. M., LUNDBERG A. The convergence of monosynaptic excitatory afferents on to many different species of alpha motoneurones. J Physiol. 1957 Jun 18;137(1):22–50. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1957.sp005794. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. ELDRED E., GRANIT R., MERTON P. A. Supraspinal control of the muscle spindles and its significance. J Physiol. 1953 Dec 29;122(3):498–523. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1953.sp005017. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Evans C. L., Hill A. V. The relation of length to tension development and heat production on contraction in muscle. J Physiol. 1914 Dec 22;49(1-2):10–16. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1914.sp001684. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. GRANIT R., HENATSCH H. D. Gamma control of dynamic properties of muscle spindles. J Neurophysiol. 1956 Jul;19(4):356–366. doi: 10.1152/jn.1956.19.4.356. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. GRANIT R., HENATSCH H. D., STEG G. Tonic and phasic ventral horn cells differentiated by post-tetanic potentiation in cat extensors. Acta Physiol Scand. 1956 Sep 26;37(2-3):114–126. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1956.tb01347.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. GRANIT R., KAADA B. R. Influence of stimulation of central nervous structures on muscle spindles in cat. Acta Physiol Scand. 1952;27(2-3):130–160. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1953.tb00930.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. GRANIT R., PASCOE J. E., STEG G. The behaviour of tonic alpha and gamma motoneurones during stimulation of recurrent collaterals. J Physiol. 1957 Oct 30;138(3):381–400. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1957.sp005857. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. GRANIT R., PHILLIPS C. G., SKOGLUND S., STEG G. Differentiation of tonic from phasic alpha ventral horn cells by stretch, pinna and crossed extensor reflexes. J Neurophysiol. 1957 Sep;20(5):470–481. doi: 10.1152/jn.1957.20.5.470. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. GRANIT R. Reflex rebound by post-tetanic potentiation; temporal summation-spasticity. J Physiol. 1956 Jan 27;131(1):32–51. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1956.sp005442. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. GRANIT R. Reflexes to stretch and contraction of antagonists around ankle joint. J Neurophysiol. 1952 Jul;15(4):269–279. doi: 10.1152/jn.1952.15.4.269. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. HALLIDAY A. M., REDFEARN J. W. An analysis of the frequencies of finger tremor in healthy subjects. J Physiol. 1956 Dec 28;134(3):600–611. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1956.sp005668. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. HAMMOND P. H., MERTON P. A., SUTTON G. G. Nervous gradation of muscular contraction. Br Med Bull. 1956 Sep;12(3):214–218. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a069553. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. HENATSCH H. D., INGVAR D. H. Chlorpromazin und Spastizität; eine experimentelle elektrophysiologische Untersuchung. Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr Z Gesamte Neurol Psychiatr. 1956;195(1):77–93. doi: 10.1007/BF00342008. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. HILL A. V. Mechanics of the contractile element of muscle. Nature. 1950 Sep 9;166(4219):415–419. doi: 10.1038/166415a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. HILL A. V. The series elastic component of muscle. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1950 Jul 24;137(887):273–280. doi: 10.1098/rspb.1950.0035. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. HOLMGREN B., MERTON P. A. Local feedback control of motoneurones. J Physiol. 1954 Feb 26;123(2):47–8P. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. HUNT C. C. The reflex activity of mammalian small-nerve fibres. J Physiol. 1951 Dec 28;115(4):456–469. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1951.sp004681. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. JOSEPH J., NIGHTINGALE A., WILLIAMS P. L. A detailed study of the electric potentials recorded over some postural muscles while relaxed and standing. J Physiol. 1955 Mar 28;127(3):617–625. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1955.sp005282. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. KOELLA W. P., NAKAO H., EVANS R. L., WADA J. Interaction of vestibular and proprioceptive reflexes in the decerebrate cat. Am J Physiol. 1956 Jun;185(3):607–613. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1956.185.3.607. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. LIPPOLD O. C., REDFEARN J. W., VUCO J. The rhythmical activity of groups of motor units in the voluntary contraction of muscle. J Physiol. 1957 Aug 6;137(3):473–487. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1957.sp005828. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. MATTHEWS P. B., RUSHWORTH G. The selective effect of proCaine on the stretch reflex and tendon jerk of soleus muscle when applied to its nerve. J Physiol. 1957 Feb 15;135(2):245–262. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1957.sp005707. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. MATTHEWS P. B. The effect of the activity of the gamma-motoneurones on the relation between tension and extension in the stretch reflex. J Physiol. 1958 Feb 17;140(2):54–5P. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. RALSTON H. J., LIBET B. The question of tonus in skeletal muscle. Am J Phys Med. 1953 Apr;32(2):85–92. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. RITCHIE J. M., WILKIE D. R. The effect of previous stimulation on the active state of muscle. J Physiol. 1955 Nov 28;130(2):488–496. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1955.sp005422. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. VON EULER C., SODERBERG U. The influence of hypothalamic thermoceptive structures on the electroencephalogram and gamma motor activity. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1957 Aug;9(3):391–408. doi: 10.1016/0013-4694(57)90029-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. VON EULER C., SODERBURG U. The relation between gamma motor activity and the electroencephalogram. Experientia. 1956 Jul 15;12(7):278–279. doi: 10.1007/BF02157349. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. WILKIE D. R. The mechanical properties of muscle. Br Med Bull. 1956 Sep;12(3):177–182. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a069546. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The Journal of Physiology are provided here courtesy of The Physiological Society

RESOURCES