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. 2026 Sep 4;8:1908480. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2026.1908480

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© 2026 Riedl, Schwesig and Ueberschär.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Boxplot graphic comparing absolute three-dimensional lower tibial asymmetry (LTA3D) percentages across footwear types—HOK, MIZ, PUM, SAU, OWN—within three velocity groups (v1, v2, v3), with individual subject data points and lines, medians, means, and interquartile ranges shown. — Distribution of LTA_3D across five footwear conditions at the three running speeds v₁, v₂, and v₃. Boxplots summarise the data (median, IQR, and 1.5 × IQR whiskers), while observations for individual participants are shown as dots connected by lines to illustrate within-subject changes across footwear conditions at each running speed. Footwear conditions: HOK (Hoka Rocket X2), MIZ (Mizuno Wave Rebellion Pro), PUM (Puma Fast-R Nitro Elite), SAU (Saucony Endorphin Pro 3) and OWN (own pair of non-carbon plate running shoes).