Skip to main content
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology logoLink to Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
. 2026 Sep 14;16:1974019. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2026.1974019

Correction: 16S rRNA sequencing and conventional culture provide complementary information in hospitalized patients with chronic lower-limb wounds

Bartosz Molasy 1,2,*, Jarosław Rachuna 1, Monika Wawszczak-Kasza 1, Julia Dulębska 1, Katarzyna Kuszewska 3, Wioletta Adamus-Białek 1
PMCID: PMC13617559  PMID: 42807756

There was a mistake in Figures 1–4 as published. During the production process, the graphical contents of Figures 1–4 were incorrectly assigned to the respective figure numbers. The correct assignment is as follows: Figure 1 presents the length-of-stay analyses (≤8 days vs. >8 days); Figure 2 presents the differential abundance analysis according to length of hospitalization (volcano plot); Figure 3 presents the intrawound-temperature analyses (≤29 °C vs. >29 °C); and Figure 4 presents the 12-week wound-healing analyses (No vs. Yes). The figure legends and in-text citations were correct and remain unchanged. This correction does not affect the results, statistical analyses, interpretation, or conclusions of the article. The corrected Figures 1–4 appear below.

Figure 1.

Four-panel scientific figure comparing microbial diversity and composition in two groups divided by duration (less than or equal to 8 days versus greater than 8 days) using 16S rRNA sequencing (A, C) and conventional culture methods (B, D). Panels A and B display box plots of Shannon diversity, with slightly higher values in the ≤8 days groups for both methods. Panels C and D show PCoA scatter plots indicating separation or clustering of microbial communities between duration groups.

Baseline wound microbiota and subsequent length of stay in 16S rRNA sequencing and conventional culture analyses. (A) Alpha diversity (Shannon index) in NGS-based analysis according to length of stay (≤8 vs. >8 days). (B) Alpha diversity (Shannon index) in conventional culture-based analysis according to length of stay (≤8 vs. >8 days). (C) Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) based on Bray–Curtis distances in NGS-based analysis. (D) Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) based on Bray–Curtis distances in conventional culture-based analysis.

Figure 4.

Panel A shows a boxplot comparing Shannon diversity of 16S rRNA between No and Yes groups, with similar medians. Panel B shows higher Shannon diversity in the Yes group compared to No for conventional culture. Panel C presents a PCoA scatterplot for 16S rRNA, plotting No and Yes groups along PCoA axes of twelve point five percent and eight point two percent. Panel D presents a PCoA scatterplot for conventional culture with No and Yes groups along PCoA axes of twenty-seven point eight percent and twenty-two point seven percent.

Baseline wound microbiota in relation to 12-week healing in 16S rRNA sequencing and conventional culture analyses. (A) Alpha diversity (Shannon index) in NGS-based analysis according to 12-week healing status. (B) Alpha diversity (Shannon index) in conventional culture-based analysis according to 12-week healing status. (C) Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) based on Bray–Curtis distances in NGS-based analysis. (D) Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) based on Bray–Curtis distances in conventional culture-based analysis.

Figure 2.

Scatter plot displaying log2 change per day of hospitalization on the x-axis and negative log10 of FDR on the y-axis, with a horizontal dashed significance threshold and several highlighted blue points above the threshold line.

Differential abundance analysis of baseline wound microbiota in relation to subsequent length of hospital stay. Volcano plot illustrating differential abundance per day of hospitalization. Each point represents a single taxon. The dashed horizontal line indicates the significance threshold (FDR = 0.05). Blue points represent taxa with statistically significant changes, while grey points denote non-significant findings.

Figure 3.

Figure with four panels comparing microbial diversity and community composition at temperatures less than or equal to twenty-nine degrees Celsius and greater than twenty-nine degrees Celsius. Panel A is a boxplot showing Shannon diversity of 16S rRNA data by temperature, with slightly higher median diversity above twenty-nine degrees Celsius. Panel B is a boxplot for Shannon diversity using conventional cultures, also showing higher diversity at temperatures above twenty-nine degrees Celsius. Panel C is a scatter plot of Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) for 16S rRNA data, displaying clustering by temperature groups. Panel D is a PCoA plot for conventional culture data with similar grouping by temperature.

Baseline wound microbiota in relation to intrawound temperature in 16S rRNA sequencing and conventional culture analyses. (A) Alpha diversity (Shannon index) in NGS-based analysis according to intrawound temperature category (≤29 °C vs. >29 °C). (B) Alpha diversity (Shannon index) in conventional culture-based analysis according to intrawound temperature category (≤29 °C vs. ≥29 °C). (C) Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) based on Bray–Curtis distances in NGS-based analysis. (D) Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) based on Bray–Curtis distances in conventional culture-based analysis.

The original version of this article has been updated.

Footnotes

Edited and reviewed by: Christoph Gabler, Free University of Berlin, Germany

Publisher’s note

All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.


Articles from Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology are provided here courtesy of Frontiers Media SA

RESOURCES