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. 1997 May;91(1):104–108. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1997.00204.x

Two distinct pathways of human macrophage differentiation are mediated by interferon-gamma and interleukin-10.

T Olikowsky 1, Z Q Wang 1, A Dudhane 1, H Horowitz 1, B Conti 1, M K Hoffmann 1
PMCID: PMC1364041  PMID: 9203972

Abstract

Forming cellular conjugates with T cells, macrophages can help their targets to mount an immune response or they can destroy the targeted T cell. The two functions are performed by two distinct macrophage subsets that can be distinguished by cell surface marker phenotypes, B7+ CD16- and B7- CD16+. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) induces the former, interleukin-10 (IL-10) induces the latter phenotype. The two macrophage differentiation pathways are mutually exclusive; each cytokine inhibits the effect of the other cytokine. The second messenger cAMP enhances the macrophage B7 expression and suppresses the macrophage CD16 expression. However, together with IL-10, cAMP blocks the generation of both macrophage phenotypes. In the chimpanzee we noted deviations from this differentiation pattern that are suggestive of an enhanced IL-10 presence in the primate environment.

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Selected References

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