Abstract
1. Peak saccade velocity provides a valuable means of assessing the sedative effect of drugs in humans. The present study investigated the effects of zolpidem, an imidazopyridine hypnotic, on saccade velocity in healthy volunteers after single and repeated administration. 2. Zolpidem 5 mg, 10 mg and 20 mg significantly and dose dependently depressed peak saccade velocity during the 1.5 h after a single administration. On the morning after zolpidem administration, peak saccade velocity had returned towards pretreatment levels. Nitrazepam 10 mg also significantly depressed peak saccade velocity but the effect was maintained the following morning. The saccade response to zolpidem (5 and 10 mg) was undiminished after the seven nightly doses. 3. Nightly administration of zolpidem improved subjective sleep quality and there was no evidence of rebound insomnia following cessation of drug treatment.
Full text
PDF
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Aschoff J. C. Veränderungen rascher Blickbewegungen (Saccaden) beim Menschen unter Dizepam (Valium) Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr (1970) 1968;211(4):325–332. doi: 10.1007/BF00404467. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bensimon G., Foret J., Warot D., Lacomblez L., Thiercelin J. F., Simon P. Daytime wakefulness following a bedtime oral dose of zolpidem 20 mg, flunitrazepam 2 mg and placebo. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1990 Sep;30(3):463–469. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1990.tb03798.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bittencourt P. R., Wade P., Smith A. T., Richens A. The relationship between peak velocity of saccadic eye movements and serum benzodiazepine concentration. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1981 Oct;12(4):523–533. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1981.tb01261.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Depoortere H., Zivkovic B., Lloyd K. G., Sanger D. J., Perrault G., Langer S. Z., Bartholini G. Zolpidem, a novel nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic. I. Neuropharmacological and behavioral effects. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1986 May;237(2):649–658. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Griffiths A. N., Marshall R. W., Richens A. Saccadic eye movement analysis as a measure of drug effects on human psychomotor performance. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1984;18 (Suppl 1):73S–82S. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1984.tb02584.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Guinebault P., Dubruc C., Hermann P., Thénot J. P. High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of zolpidem, a new sleep inducer, in biological fluids with fluorimetric detection. J Chromatogr. 1986 Nov 28;383(1):206–211. doi: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)83462-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Johnson L. C., Chernik D. A. Sedative-hypnotics and human performance. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1982;76(2):101–113. doi: 10.1007/BF00435262. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kales A., Bixler E. O., Scharf M., Kales J. D. Sleep laboratory studies of flurazepam: a model for evaluating hypnotic drugs. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1976 May;19(5 Pt 1):576–583. doi: 10.1002/cpt1976195part1576. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Merlotti L., Roehrs T., Koshorek G., Zorick F., Lamphere J., Roth T. The dose effects of zolpidem on the sleep of healthy normals. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1989 Feb;9(1):9–14. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Monti J. M. Effect of zolpidem on sleep in insomniac patients. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1989;36(5):461–466. doi: 10.1007/BF00558070. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Parrott A. C., Hindmarch I. Factor analysis of a sleep evaluation questionnaire. Psychol Med. 1978 May;8(2):325–329. doi: 10.1017/s0033291700014379. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Thayer R. E. Factor analytic and reliability studies on the Activation-Deactivation Adjective Check List. Psychol Rep. 1978 Jun;42(3 Pt 1):747–756. doi: 10.2466/pr0.1978.42.3.747. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]