Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether the wheal and flare responses to intradermal injection of hypertonic (4.5%) saline (HTS) were inhibited by local injection of 1% lignocaine. Eight normal subjects were studied on one occasion. Lignocaine (0.125 ml) was infiltrated at four sites on one forearm and normal saline on the other. Five minutes later, duplicate intradermal injections of 30 microliters of histamine (22.5 nmol ml-1), substance P (1 nmol ml-1), HTS and normal saline were given coded and in random order, one of each pair to each forearm. Lignocaine inhibited flare responses to histamine, substance P and HTS by 56% (P < 0.01), 78% (P < 0.01) and 77% (P < 0.05) respectively suggesting similar involvement of an axon reflex. Wheal to histamine was inhibited by 31% (P < 0.02) and to substance P by 33% (P < 0.05) but not to HTS. This suggests that the mechanism of wheal response to HTS differs from that of histamine and substance P.
Full text
PDF
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Barnes P. J., Brown M. J., Dollery C. T., Fuller R. W., Heavey D. J., Ind P. W. Histamine is released from skin by substance P but does not act as the final vasodilator in the axon reflex. Br J Pharmacol. 1986 Aug;88(4):741–745. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1986.tb16246.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bernstein J. E., Swift R. M., Soltani K., Lorincz A. L. Inhibition of axon reflex vasodilatation by topically applied capsaicin. J Invest Dermatol. 1981 May;76(5):394–395. doi: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12520912. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Djukanovic R., Finnerty J. P., Holgate S. T. Wheal-and-flare responses to intradermally injected adenosine 5'-monophosphate, hypertonic saline, and histamine: comparison of atopic and nonatopic subjects. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1989 Sep;84(3):373–378. doi: 10.1016/0091-6749(89)90423-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fewtrell C. M., Foreman J. C., Jordan C. C., Oehme P., Renner H., Stewart J. M. The effects of substance P on histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine release in the rat. J Physiol. 1982 Sep;330:393–411. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1982.sp014347. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Foreman J., Jordan C. Histamine release and vascular changes induced by neuropeptides. Agents Actions. 1983 Apr;13(2-3):105–116. doi: 10.1007/BF01967311. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fruhstorfer H., Nolte H., Ziegenhagel U. Hautdurchblutung nach subkutaner Lidocain-Infiltration mit und ohne Zusatz von Adrenalin oder Ornipressin. Reg Anaesth. 1990 Jun;13(4):97–100. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fruhstorfer H., Wagener G. Effects of intradermal lignocaine and mepivacaine on human cutaneous circulation in areas with histamine-induced neurogenic inflammation. Br J Anaesth. 1993 Feb;70(2):167–172. doi: 10.1093/bja/70.2.167. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jessell T., Tsunoo A., Kanazawa I., Otsuka M. Substance P: depletion in the dorsal horn of rat spinal cord after section of the peripheral processes of primary sensory neurons. Brain Res. 1979 May 25;168(2):247–259. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(79)90167-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kiernan J. A. The involvement of mast cells in vasodilatation due to axon reflexes in injured skin. Q J Exp Physiol Cogn Med Sci. 1972 Jul;57(3):311–317. doi: 10.1113/expphysiol.1972.sp002164. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Makker H. K., Holgate S. T. The contribution of neurogenic reflexes to hypertonic saline-induced bronchoconstriction in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1993 Jul;92(1 Pt 1):82–88. doi: 10.1016/0091-6749(93)90041-d. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Torebjörk H. E., Hallin R. G. Identification of afferent C units in intact human skin nerves. Brain Res. 1974 Mar 8;67(3):387–403. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(74)90489-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]