Table 4.
Causes, consequences, and adaptive strategies related to environmental changes in the Sardinha community, municipality of Timbiras, Maranhão (MA), Brazil
| Sardinha community | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Causes | Consequences | Strategies |
| Flora | Deforestation (n = 25) |
Disappearance of plant species (n = 26) Increased sensation of heat (n = 4) Disappearance of animal species (n = 2) |
Manage crop fields (n = 22) Avoid deforestation (n = 5) Talk about the importance of not deforesting (n = 5) |
| Fires (n = 7) | |||
| Fauna | Deforestation (n = 22) | Disappearance of animal species (n = 22) |
Reduce or stop consumption (n = 19) Prohibit hunting in the community (n = 7) Raise awareness among visitors (n = 6) |
| Fires (n = 10) | |||
| Soil | Deforestation (n = 20) |
Infertile soil (n = 12) Low amount of food collected (n = 10) |
Change crop management practices (n = 22) Practice crop rotation (n = 10) |
| Fires (n = 12) | |||
| The babaçu palm | Irregular felling by landowners (n = 11) |
Smaller palms (n = 6) Lower palm productivity (n = 6) Fewer babaçu products (n = 10) |
Practice sustainable extraction (n = 9) Cultivate babaçu palms (n = 5) Raise awareness about the importance of babaçu (n = 10) Extract in more distant areas (n = 10) |
| Deforestation (n = 12) | |||
| Fires (n = 8) | |||
| Rainfall patterns | Deforestation (n = 20) |
Increased sensation of heat (n = 10) Damage to plants, animals, and babaçu groves (n = 10) Decrease in food production (n = 12) |
Use artesian wells (n = 12) Use cisterns (n = 10) |
| Fires (n = 12) | |||