Skip to main content
NCBI home page
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology logoLink to British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
. 1990;30(Suppl 1):55S–60S. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1990.tb05469.x

β-adrenoceptor responsiveness in hypertension

Effects of dietary NaCl intake

R D Feldman
PMCID: PMC1368099  PMID: 2176530

Abstract

1 Adrenergic responsiveness may be an important determinant of peripheral resistance in man. We have demonstrated that vascular β-adrenergic responsiveness is reduced in young borderline hypertensive subjects. A parallel defect in β-adrenergic mediated adenylyl cyclase activity and β-adrenoceptor affinity for agonists also has been identified in lymphocytes from borderline hypertensive subjects. In contrast, it is unclear whether cardiac β-adrenergic responsiveness is altered.

2 The reduction in lymphocyte and vascular β-adrenergic responsiveness is corrected when hypertensive subjects are fed a low sodium chloride diet. This pattern of regulation differs from that seen in young normotensive subjects fed a low NaCl diet where either reduced or unchanged β-adrenergic responsiveness has been reported.

3 These studies suggest a generalized defect in β2-adrenergic responsiveness in borderline hypertensive subjects and demonstrate important differences between normotensive and hypertensive subjects in the pattern of β-adrenoceptor regulation mediated by dietary sodium intake. The mechanism by which dietary sodium modulates β-adrenergic responsiveness is yet to be determined.

Keywords: adenylyl cyclase, β-adrenoceptors, hypertension, sodium

Full text

PDF
55S

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Ambrosioni E., Costa F. V., Borghi C., Montebugnoli L., Giordani M. F., Magnani B. Effects of moderate salt restriction on intralymphocytic sodium and pressor response to stress in borderline hypertension. Hypertension. 1982 Nov-Dec;4(6):789–794. doi: 10.1161/01.hyp.4.6.789. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Arnold J. M., McDevitt D. G. Contribution of the vagus to the haemodynamic responses following intravenous boluses of isoprenaline. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1983 Apr;15(4):423–429. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1983.tb01525.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. DOYLE A. E., FRASER J. R. Vascular reactivity in hypertension. Circ Res. 1961 May;9:755–761. doi: 10.1161/01.res.9.3.755. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Egan B., Panis R., Hinderliter A., Schork N., Julius S. Mechanism of increased alpha adrenergic vasoconstriction in human essential hypertension. J Clin Invest. 1987 Sep;80(3):812–817. doi: 10.1172/JCI113138. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Eichler H. G., Ford G. A., Blaschke T. F., Swislocki A., Hoffman B. B. Responsiveness of superficial hand veins to phenylephrine in essential hypertension. Alpha adrenergic blockade during prazosin therapy. J Clin Invest. 1989 Jan;83(1):108–112. doi: 10.1172/JCI113845. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Feldman R. D. Beta-adrenergic receptor alterations in hypertension--physiological and molecular correlates. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1987 Aug;65(8):1666–1672. doi: 10.1139/y87-261. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Feldman R. D. Defective venous beta-adrenergic response in borderline hypertensive subjects is corrected by a low sodium diet. J Clin Invest. 1990 Mar;85(3):647–652. doi: 10.1172/JCI114487. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Feldman R. D., Lawton W. J., McArdle W. L. Low sodium diet corrects the defect in lymphocyte beta-adrenergic responsiveness in hypertensive subjects. J Clin Invest. 1987 Jan;79(1):290–294. doi: 10.1172/JCI112797. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Feldman R. D., Limbird L. E., Nadeau J., Robertson D., Wood A. J. Alterations in leukocyte beta-receptor affinity with aging. A potential explanation for altered beta-adrenergic sensitivity in the elderly. N Engl J Med. 1984 Mar 29;310(13):815–819. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198403293101303. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Feldman R. D., Limbird L. E., Nadeau J., Robertson D., Wood A. J. Leukocyte beta-receptor alterations in hypertensive subjects. J Clin Invest. 1984 Mar;73(3):648–653. doi: 10.1172/JCI111255. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Fraser J., Nadeau J., Robertson D., Wood A. J. Regulation of human leukocyte beta receptors by endogenous catecholamines: relationship of leukocyte beta receptor density to the cardiac sensitivity to isoproterenol. J Clin Invest. 1981 Jun;67(6):1777–1784. doi: 10.1172/JCI110217. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Jennings G., Bobik A., Esler M., Korner P. Contribution of cardiovascular reflexes to differences in beta-adrenoceptor-mediated responses in essential hypertension. Clin Sci (Lond) 1981 Dec;61 (Suppl 7):177s–180s. doi: 10.1042/cs061177s. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Joshi L. R., Katz M. S. Stimulatory and inhibitory effects of sodium salts on adenylate cyclase of rat liver. Implications for salt modulation of guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory component function. Second Messengers Phosphoproteins. 1988;12(2-3):105–121. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Liggett S. B., Marker J. C., Shah S. D., Roper C. L., Cryer P. E. Direct relationship between mononuclear leukocyte and lung beta-adrenergic receptors and apparent reciprocal regulation of extravascular, but not intravascular, alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors by the sympathochromaffin system in humans. J Clin Invest. 1988 Jul;82(1):48–56. doi: 10.1172/JCI113600. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Mendlowitz M. Vascular reactivity in systemic arterial hypertension. Am Heart J. 1973 Feb;85(2):252–259. doi: 10.1016/0002-8703(73)90467-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Michel M. C., Beckeringh J. J., Ikezono K., Kretsch R., Brodde O. E. Lymphocyte beta 2-adrenoceptors mirror precisely beta 2-adrenoceptor, but poorly beta 1-adrenoceptor changes in the human heart. J Hypertens Suppl. 1986 Dec;4(6):S215–S218. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Michel M. C., Insel P. A., Brodde O. E. Renal alpha-adrenergic receptor alterations: a cause of essential hypertension? FASEB J. 1989 Feb;3(2):139–144. doi: 10.1096/fasebj.3.2.2536629. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Michel M. C., Pingsmann A., Nohlen M., Siekmann U., Brodde O. E. Decreased myometrial beta-adrenoceptors in women receiving beta 2-adrenergic tocolytic therapy: correlation with lymphocyte beta-adrenoceptors. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1989 Jan;45(1):1–8. doi: 10.1038/clpt.1989.1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Minuth M., Jakobs K. H. Sodium regulation of agonist and antagonist binding to beta-adrenoceptors in intact and Ns-deficient membranes. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1986 Jun;333(2):124–129. doi: 10.1007/BF00506514. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Snavely M. D., Ziegler M. G., Insel P. A. A new approach to determine rates of receptor appearance and disappearance in vivo. Application to agonist-mediated down-regulation of rat renal cortical beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic receptors. Mol Pharmacol. 1985 Jan;27(1):19–26. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Snavely M. D., Ziegler M. G., Insel P. A. Subtype-selective down-regulation of rat renal cortical alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors by catecholamines. Endocrinology. 1985 Nov;117(5):2182–2189. doi: 10.1210/endo-117-5-2182. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Soltis E. E., Field F. P. Effect of high blood pressure stress on vascular adrenergic responsiveness in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Clin Exp Hypertens A. 1984;6(7):1237–1255. doi: 10.3109/10641968409039594. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Soltis E. E., Katovich M. J. Alterations in vascular alpha and beta adrenergic responsiveness in the Dahl rat: a preliminary report. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol. 1986 Jan;51(1):3–10. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Tsujimoto G., Manger W. M., Hoffman B. B. Desensitization of beta-adrenergic receptors by pheochromocytoma. Endocrinology. 1984 Apr;114(4):1272–1278. doi: 10.1210/endo-114-4-1272. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Volpe M., Müller F. B., Trimarco B. Transient enhancement of sympathetic nervous system activity by long-term restriction of sodium intake. Circulation. 1985 Jul;72(1):47–52. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.72.1.47. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Volpe M., Trimarco B., Ricciardelli B., Sacca L., Ungaro B., Rengo F., Condorelli M. Effects of oral salt loading on beta-adrenergic receptor responsiveness in normal and hypertensive subjects. Cardiovasc Res. 1982 Dec;16(12):732–737. doi: 10.1093/cvr/16.12.732. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology are provided here courtesy of British Pharmacological Society

RESOURCES