Full text
PDF



Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Baker S. J., Fearon E. R., Nigro J. M., Hamilton S. R., Preisinger A. C., Jessup J. M., vanTuinen P., Ledbetter D. H., Barker D. F., Nakamura Y. Chromosome 17 deletions and p53 gene mutations in colorectal carcinomas. Science. 1989 Apr 14;244(4901):217–221. doi: 10.1126/science.2649981. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Barbacid M. ras genes. Annu Rev Biochem. 1987;56:779–827. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.56.070187.004023. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bell S. M., Kelly S. A., Hoyle J. A., Lewis F. A., Taylor G. R., Thompson H., Dixon M. F., Quirke P. c-Ki-ras gene mutations in dysplasia and carcinomas complicating ulcerative colitis. Br J Cancer. 1991 Jul;64(1):174–178. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1991.264. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bevilacqua G., Sobel M. E., Liotta L. A., Steeg P. S. Association of low nm23 RNA levels in human primary infiltrating ductal breast carcinomas with lymph node involvement and other histopathological indicators of high metastatic potential. Cancer Res. 1989 Sep 15;49(18):5185–5190. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bodmer W. F., Bailey C. J., Bodmer J., Bussey H. J., Ellis A., Gorman P., Lucibello F. C., Murday V. A., Rider S. H., Scambler P. Localization of the gene for familial adenomatous polyposis on chromosome 5. Nature. 1987 Aug 13;328(6131):614–616. doi: 10.1038/328614a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bourne H. R. Colon cancer. Suppression with a difference. Nature. 1991 Oct 24;353(6346):696–697. doi: 10.1038/353696b0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Campo E., de la Calle-Martin O., Miquel R., Palacin A., Romero M., Fabregat V., Vives J., Cardesa A., Yague J. Loss of heterozygosity of p53 gene and p53 protein expression in human colorectal carcinomas. Cancer Res. 1991 Aug 15;51(16):4436–4442. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cartwright C. A., Kamps M. P., Meisler A. I., Pipas J. M., Eckhart W. pp60c-src activation in human colon carcinoma. J Clin Invest. 1989 Jun;83(6):2025–2033. doi: 10.1172/JCI114113. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cohn K. H., Wang F. S., Desoto-LaPaix F., Solomon W. B., Patterson L. G., Arnold M. R., Weimar J., Feldman J. G., Levy A. T., Leone A. Association of nm23-H1 allelic deletions with distant metastases in colorectal carcinoma. Lancet. 1991 Sep 21;338(8769):722–724. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(91)91444-y. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Erisman M. D., Rothberg P. G., Diehl R. E., Morse C. C., Spandorfer J. M., Astrin S. M. Deregulation of c-myc gene expression in human colon carcinoma is not accompanied by amplification or rearrangement of the gene. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Aug;5(8):1969–1976. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.8.1969. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fearon E. R., Cho K. R., Nigro J. M., Kern S. E., Simons J. W., Ruppert J. M., Hamilton S. R., Preisinger A. C., Thomas G., Kinzler K. W. Identification of a chromosome 18q gene that is altered in colorectal cancers. Science. 1990 Jan 5;247(4938):49–56. doi: 10.1126/science.2294591. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fearon E. R., Vogelstein B. A genetic model for colorectal tumorigenesis. Cell. 1990 Jun 1;61(5):759–767. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90186-i. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fidler I. J. Critical factors in the biology of human cancer metastasis: twenty-eighth G.H.A. Clowes memorial award lecture. Cancer Res. 1990 Oct 1;50(19):6130–6138. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Finley G. G., Schulz N. T., Hill S. A., Geiser J. R., Pipas J. M., Meisler A. I. Expression of the myc gene family in different stages of human colorectal cancer. Oncogene. 1989 Aug;4(8):963–971. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Forrester K., Almoguera C., Han K., Grizzle W. E., Perucho M. Detection of high incidence of K-ras oncogenes during human colon tumorigenesis. 1987 May 28-Jun 3Nature. 327(6120):298–303. doi: 10.1038/327298a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Goyette M. C., Cho K., Fasching C. L., Levy D. B., Kinzler K. W., Paraskeva C., Vogelstein B., Stanbridge E. J. Progression of colorectal cancer is associated with multiple tumor suppressor gene defects but inhibition of tumorigenicity is accomplished by correction of any single defect via chromosome transfer. Mol Cell Biol. 1992 Mar;12(3):1387–1395. doi: 10.1128/mcb.12.3.1387. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Harris A. L. Mutant p53--the commonest genetic abnormality in human cancer? J Pathol. 1990 Sep;162(1):5–6. doi: 10.1002/path.1711620103. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hollstein M., Sidransky D., Vogelstein B., Harris C. C. p53 mutations in human cancers. Science. 1991 Jul 5;253(5015):49–53. doi: 10.1126/science.1905840. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kelly K., Siebenlist U. The role of c-myc in the proliferation of normal and neoplastic cells. J Clin Immunol. 1985 Mar;5(2):65–77. doi: 10.1007/BF00915003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kern S. E., Fearon E. R., Tersmette K. W., Enterline J. P., Leppert M., Nakamura Y., White R., Vogelstein B., Hamilton S. R. Clinical and pathological associations with allelic loss in colorectal carcinoma [corrected]. JAMA. 1989 Jun 2;261(21):3099–3103. doi: 10.1001/jama.261.21.3099. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kikuchi-Yanoshita R., Konishi M., Fukunari H., Tanaka K., Miyaki M. Loss of expression of the DCC gene during progression of colorectal carcinomas in familial adenomatous polyposis and non-familial adenomatous polyposis patients. Cancer Res. 1992 Jul 1;52(13):3801–3803. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kinzler K. W., Nilbert M. C., Su L. K., Vogelstein B., Bryan T. M., Levy D. B., Smith K. J., Preisinger A. C., Hedge P., McKechnie D. Identification of FAP locus genes from chromosome 5q21. Science. 1991 Aug 9;253(5020):661–665. doi: 10.1126/science.1651562. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kinzler K. W., Nilbert M. C., Vogelstein B., Bryan T. M., Levy D. B., Smith K. J., Preisinger A. C., Hamilton S. R., Hedge P., Markham A. Identification of a gene located at chromosome 5q21 that is mutated in colorectal cancers. Science. 1991 Mar 15;251(4999):1366–1370. doi: 10.1126/science.1848370. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Land H., Parada L. F., Weinberg R. A. Tumorigenic conversion of primary embryo fibroblasts requires at least two cooperating oncogenes. Nature. 1983 Aug 18;304(5927):596–602. doi: 10.1038/304596a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Laurent-Puig P., Olschwang S., Delattre O., Remvikos Y., Asselain B., Melot T., Validire P., Muleris M., Girodet J., Salmon R. J. Survival and acquired genetic alterations in colorectal cancer. Gastroenterology. 1992 Apr;102(4 Pt 1):1136–1141. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Leister I., Weith A., Brüderlein S., Cziepluch C., Kangwanpong D., Schlag P., Schwab M. Human colorectal cancer: high frequency of deletions at chromosome 1p35. Cancer Res. 1990 Nov 15;50(22):7232–7235. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Leppert M., Dobbs M., Scambler P., O'Connell P., Nakamura Y., Stauffer D., Woodward S., Burt R., Hughes J., Gardner E. The gene for familial polyposis coli maps to the long arm of chromosome 5. Science. 1987 Dec 4;238(4832):1411–1413. doi: 10.1126/science.3479843. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Maestro R., Viel A., Boiocchi M. Correlation between chromosome 5q deletions and different mechanisms of c-myc overexpression in human colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer. 1991 Feb;63(2):185–186. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1991.45. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Manning A. M., Williams A. C., Game S. M., Paraskeva C. Differential sensitivity of human colonic adenoma and carcinoma cells to transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta): conversion of an adenoma cell line to a tumorigenic phenotype is accompanied by a reduced response to the inhibitory effects of TGF-beta. Oncogene. 1991 Aug;6(8):1471–1476. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Meltzer S. J., Ahnen D. J., Battifora H., Yokota J., Cline M. J. Protooncogene abnormalities in colon cancers and adenomatous polyps. Gastroenterology. 1987 May;92(5 Pt 1):1174–1180. doi: 10.1016/s0016-5085(87)91074-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Meltzer S. J., Mane S. M., Wood P. K., Resau J. H., Newkirk C., Terzakis J. A., Korelitz B. I., Weinstein W. M., Needleman S. W. Activation of c-Ki-ras in human gastrointestinal dysplasias determined by direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products. Cancer Res. 1990 Jun 15;50(12):3627–3630. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Miki Y., Nishisho I., Miyoshi Y., Horii A., Ando H., Nakajima T., Utsunomiya J., Nakamura Y. Frequent loss of heterozygosity at the MCC locus on chromosome 5q21-22 in sporadic colorectal carcinomas. Jpn J Cancer Res. 1991 Sep;82(9):1003–1007. doi: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1991.tb01935.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Miyoshi Y., Ando H., Nagase H., Nishisho I., Horii A., Miki Y., Mori T., Utsunomiya J., Baba S., Petersen G. Germ-line mutations of the APC gene in 53 familial adenomatous polyposis patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 May 15;89(10):4452–4456. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.10.4452. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Miyoshi Y., Nagase H., Ando H., Horii A., Ichii S., Nakatsuru S., Aoki T., Miki Y., Mori T., Nakamura Y. Somatic mutations of the APC gene in colorectal tumors: mutation cluster region in the APC gene. Hum Mol Genet. 1992 Jul;1(4):229–233. doi: 10.1093/hmg/1.4.229. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Morson B. C. Factors influencing the prognosis of early cancer of the rectum. Proc R Soc Med. 1966 Jul;59(7):607–608. doi: 10.1177/003591576605900710. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Moser A. R., Pitot H. C., Dove W. F. A dominant mutation that predisposes to multiple intestinal neoplasia in the mouse. Science. 1990 Jan 19;247(4940):322–324. doi: 10.1126/science.2296722. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Okamoto M., Sasaki M., Sugio K., Sato C., Iwama T., Ikeuchi T., Tonomura A., Sasazuki T., Miyaki M. Loss of constitutional heterozygosity in colon carcinoma from patients with familial polyposis coli. Nature. 1988 Jan 21;331(6153):273–277. doi: 10.1038/331273a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Peltomäki P., Sistonen P., Mecklin J. P., Pylkkänen L., Järvinen H., Simons J. W., Cho K. R., Vogelstein B., de la Chapelle A. Evidence supporting exclusion of the DCC gene and a portion of chromosome 18q as the locus for susceptibility to hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma in five kindreds. Cancer Res. 1991 Aug 15;51(16):4135–4140. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pignatelli M., Bodmer W. F. Integrin cell adhesion molecules and colorectal cancer. J Pathol. 1990 Oct;162(2):95–97. doi: 10.1002/path.1711620202. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Quirke P., Durdey P., Dixon M. F., Williams N. S. Local recurrence of rectal adenocarcinoma due to inadequate surgical resection. Histopathological study of lateral tumour spread and surgical excision. Lancet. 1986 Nov 1;2(8514):996–999. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(86)92612-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rhodes M., Bradburn D. M. Overview of screening and management of familial adenomatous polyposis. Gut. 1992 Jan;33(1):125–131. doi: 10.1136/gut.33.1.125. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Scott N., Sagar P., Stewart J., Blair G. E., Dixon M. F., Quirke P. p53 in colorectal cancer: clinicopathological correlation and prognostic significance. Br J Cancer. 1991 Feb;63(2):317–319. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1991.74. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sidransky D., Tokino T., Hamilton S. R., Kinzler K. W., Levin B., Frost P., Vogelstein B. Identification of ras oncogene mutations in the stool of patients with curable colorectal tumors. Science. 1992 Apr 3;256(5053):102–105. doi: 10.1126/science.1566048. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Steeg P. S., Bevilacqua G., Kopper L., Thorgeirsson U. P., Talmadge J. E., Liotta L. A., Sobel M. E. Evidence for a novel gene associated with low tumor metastatic potential. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1988 Apr 6;80(3):200–204. doi: 10.1093/jnci/80.3.200. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Studzinski G. P., Brelvi Z. S., Feldman S. C., Watt R. A. Participation of c-myc protein in DNA synthesis of human cells. Science. 1986 Oct 24;234(4775):467–470. doi: 10.1126/science.3532322. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Su L. K., Kinzler K. W., Vogelstein B., Preisinger A. C., Moser A. R., Luongo C., Gould K. A., Dove W. F. Multiple intestinal neoplasia caused by a mutation in the murine homolog of the APC gene. Science. 1992 May 1;256(5057):668–670. doi: 10.1126/science.1350108. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tal M., Wetzler M., Josefberg Z., Deutch A., Gutman M., Assaf D., Kris R., Shiloh Y., Givol D., Schlessinger J. Sporadic amplification of the HER2/neu protooncogene in adenocarcinomas of various tissues. Cancer Res. 1988 Mar 15;48(6):1517–1520. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Vogelstein B., Fearon E. R., Hamilton S. R., Kern S. E., Preisinger A. C., Leppert M., Nakamura Y., White R., Smits A. M., Bos J. L. Genetic alterations during colorectal-tumor development. N Engl J Med. 1988 Sep 1;319(9):525–532. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198809013190901. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wasylyshyn M. L., Neuman W. L., Angriman I., Snyder L. A., Montag A. G., Westbrook C. A., Michelassi F. Evidence for a new tumor-suppressor gene involved in gastrointestinal malignancies. Surgery. 1991 Aug;110(2):265–269. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Williams A. C., Harper S. J., Paraskeva C. Neoplastic transformation of a human colonic epithelial cell line: in vitro evidence for the adenoma to carcinoma sequence. Cancer Res. 1990 Aug 1;50(15):4724–4730. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- van den Berg F. M., Tigges A. J., Schipper M. E., den Hartog-Jager F. C., Kroes W. G., Walboomers J. M. Expression of the nuclear oncogene p53 in colon tumours. J Pathol. 1989 Mar;157(3):193–199. doi: 10.1002/path.1711570304. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]