Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Gut logoLink to Gut
. 1991 Apr;32(4):345–346. doi: 10.1136/gut.32.4.345

The internal and sphincter--new insights into faecal incontinence.

C T Speakman 1, M A Kamm 1
PMCID: PMC1379067  PMID: 2026330

Full text

PDF
345

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bartolo D. C., Jarratt J. A., Read M. G., Donnelly T. C., Read N. W. The role of partial denervation of the puborectalis in idiopathic faecal incontinence. Br J Surg. 1983 Nov;70(11):664–667. doi: 10.1002/bjs.1800701108. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Beersiek F., Parks A. G., Swash M. Pathogenesis of ano-rectal incontinence. A histometric study of the anal sphincter musculature. J Neurol Sci. 1979 Jun;42(1):111–127. doi: 10.1016/0022-510x(79)90156-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bouvier M., Gonella J. Nervous control of the internal anal sphincter of the cat. J Physiol. 1981 Jan;310:457–469. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1981.sp013561. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Frenckner B., Euler C. V. Influence of pudendal block on the function of the anal sphincters. Gut. 1975 Jun;16(6):482–489. doi: 10.1136/gut.16.6.482. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Frenckner B., Ihre T. Influence of autonomic nerves on the internal and sphincter in man. Gut. 1976 Apr;17(4):306–312. doi: 10.1136/gut.17.4.306. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Kiff E. S., Swash M. Slowed conduction in the pudendal nerves in idiopathic (neurogenic) faecal incontinence. Br J Surg. 1984 Aug;71(8):614–616. doi: 10.1002/bjs.1800710817. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Law P. J., Bartram C. I. Anal endosonography: technique and normal anatomy. Gastrointest Radiol. 1989 Fall;14(4):349–353. doi: 10.1007/BF01889235. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Lubowski D. Z., Nicholls R. J., Burleigh D. E., Swash M. Internal anal sphincter in neurogenic fecal incontinence. Gastroenterology. 1988 Oct;95(4):997–1002. doi: 10.1016/0016-5085(88)90175-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Meunier P., Mollard P. Control of the internal anal sphincter (manometric study with human subjects). Pflugers Arch. 1977 Sep 16;370(3):233–239. doi: 10.1007/BF00585532. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Neill M. E., Parks A. G., Swash M. Physiological studies of the anal sphincter musculature in faecal incontinence and rectal prolapse. Br J Surg. 1981 Aug;68(8):531–536. doi: 10.1002/bjs.1800680804. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Neill M. E., Swash M. Increased motor unit fibre density in the external anal sphincter muscle in ano-rectal incontinence: a single fibre EMG study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1980 Apr;43(4):343–347. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.43.4.343. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Parks A. G., Swash M., Urich H. Sphincter denervation in anorectal incontinence and rectal prolapse. Gut. 1977 Aug;18(8):656–665. doi: 10.1136/gut.18.8.656. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Penninckx F., Kerremans R., Beckers J. Pharmacological characteristics of the non-striated anorectal musculature in cats. Gut. 1973 May;14(5):393–398. doi: 10.1136/gut.14.5.393. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Read N. W., Haynes W. G., Bartolo D. C., Hall J., Read M. G., Donnelly T. C., Johnson A. G. Use of anorectal manometry during rectal infusion of saline to investigate sphincter function in incontinent patients. Gastroenterology. 1983 Jul;85(1):105–113. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Snooks S. J., Setchell M., Swash M., Henry M. M. Injury to innervation of pelvic floor sphincter musculature in childbirth. Lancet. 1984 Sep 8;2(8402):546–550. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(84)90766-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Sun W. M., Read N. W., Miner P. B., Kerrigan D. D., Donnelly T. C. The role of transient internal sphincter relaxation in faecal incontinence? Int J Colorectal Dis. 1990 Feb;5(1):31–36. doi: 10.1007/BF00496147. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Swash M., Gray A., Lubowski D. Z., Nicholls R. J. Ultrastructural changes in internal anal sphincter in neurogenic faecal incontinence. Gut. 1988 Dec;29(12):1692–1698. doi: 10.1136/gut.29.12.1692. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Wankling W. J., Brown B. H., Collins C. D., Duthie H. L. Basal electrical activity in the anal canal in man. Gut. 1968 Aug;9(4):457–460. doi: 10.1136/gut.9.4.457. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Womack N. R., Morrison J. F., Williams N. S. The role of pelvic floor denervation in the aetiology of idiopathic faecal incontinence. Br J Surg. 1986 May;73(5):404–407. doi: 10.1002/bjs.1800730531. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Gut are provided here courtesy of BMJ Publishing Group

RESOURCES