Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Gut logoLink to Gut
. 1992 May;33(5):694–697. doi: 10.1136/gut.33.5.694

Tumour necrosis factor alpha secretion in leporine endotoxaemia: role of the liver and effects of hepatic ischaemia.

I L Badger 1, P Townsend 1, J A Buckels 1
PMCID: PMC1379304  PMID: 1612489

Abstract

A leporine model to investigate tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) secretion after peripheral vein or mesenteric vein lipopolysaccharide injection was devised. Mesenteric vein injection provoked lower arterial concentrations after 90 minutes (median (range), 2.81, (0.75-11.96) ng/ml) than peripheral vein injection (7.00 (4.27-14.95) ng/ml (p less than 0.05)). Mesenteric vein injection after 10 minutes' warm hepatic ischaemia, which impairs hepatic clearance, provoked higher median arterial TNF alpha values at 90 minutes (7.98 (2.85-21.48) ng/ml) than in normal animals (p less than 0.05). Portal vein endotoxaemia induced less TNF alpha production than systemic endotoxaemia unless hepatic clearance was impaired, thus the major source of TNF alpha in systemic endotoxaemia is probably extrahepatic.

Full text

PDF
694

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Arii S., Monden K., Itai S., Sasaoki T., Shibagaki M., Tobe T. The three different phases of reticuloendothelial system phagocytic function in rats with liver injury. J Surg Res. 1988 Sep;45(3):314–319. doi: 10.1016/0022-4804(88)90081-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Cahill C. J., Pain J. A., Bailey M. E. Bile salts, endotoxin and renal function in obstructive jaundice. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1987 Dec;165(6):519–522. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Callery M. P., Kamei T., Flye M. W. Kupffer cell blockade increases mortality during intra-abdominal sepsis despite improving systemic immunity. Arch Surg. 1990 Jan;125(1):36–41. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1990.01410130038005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Callery M. P., Kamei T., Mangino M. J., Flye M. W. Organ interactions in sepsis. Host defense and the hepatic-pulmonary macrophage axis. Arch Surg. 1991 Jan;126(1):28–32. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1991.01410250032004. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Damas P., Reuter A., Gysen P., Demonty J., Lamy M., Franchimont P. Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 serum levels during severe sepsis in humans. Crit Care Med. 1989 Oct;17(10):975–978. doi: 10.1097/00003246-198910000-00001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Dixon J. M., Armstrong C. P., Duffy S. W., Elton R. A., Davies G. C. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding. A significant complication after surgery for relief of obstructive jaundice. Ann Surg. 1984 Mar;199(3):271–275. doi: 10.1097/00000658-198403000-00004. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Drivas G., James O., Wardle N. Study of reticuloendothelial phagocytic capacity in patients with cholestasis. Br Med J. 1976 Jun 26;1(6025):1568–1569. doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.6025.1568. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Exley A. R., Cohen J., Buurman W., Owen R., Hanson G., Lumley J., Aulakh J. M., Bodmer M., Riddell A., Stephens S. Monoclonal antibody to TNF in severe septic shock. Lancet. 1990 May 26;335(8700):1275–1277. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(90)91337-a. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Flick D. A., Gifford G. E. Comparison of in vitro cell cytotoxic assays for tumor necrosis factor. J Immunol Methods. 1984 Mar 30;68(1-2):167–175. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(84)90147-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Fong Y. M., Marano M. A., Moldawer L. L., Wei H., Calvano S. E., Kenney J. S., Allison A. C., Cerami A., Shires G. T., Lowry S. F. The acute splanchnic and peripheral tissue metabolic response to endotoxin in humans. J Clin Invest. 1990 Jun;85(6):1896–1904. doi: 10.1172/JCI114651. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Fraker D. L., Stovroff M. C., Merino M. J., Norton J. A. Tolerance to tumor necrosis factor in rats and the relationship to endotoxin tolerance and toxicity. J Exp Med. 1988 Jul 1;168(1):95–105. doi: 10.1084/jem.168.1.95. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Hesse D. G., Tracey K. J., Fong Y., Manogue K. R., Palladino M. A., Jr, Cerami A., Shires G. T., Lowry S. F. Cytokine appearance in human endotoxemia and primate bacteremia. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1988 Feb;166(2):147–153. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Ingoldby C. J., McPherson G. A., Blumgart L. H. Endotoxemia in human obstructive jaundice. Effect of polymyxin B. Am J Surg. 1984 Jun;147(6):766–771. doi: 10.1016/0002-9610(84)90197-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Katz S., Grosfeld J. L., Gross K., Plager D. A., Ross D., Rosenthal R. S., Hull M., Weber T. R. Impaired bacterial clearance and trapping in obstructive jaundice. Ann Surg. 1984 Jan;199(1):14–20. doi: 10.1097/00000658-198401000-00003. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Lumsden A. B., Henderson J. M., Kutner M. H. Endotoxin levels measured by a chromogenic assay in portal, hepatic and peripheral venous blood in patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology. 1988 Mar-Apr;8(2):232–236. doi: 10.1002/hep.1840080207. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Mathison J. C., Ulevitch R. J., Fletcher J. R., Cochrane C. G. The distribution of lipopolysaccharide in normocomplementemic and C3-depleted rabbits and rhesus monkeys. Am J Pathol. 1980 Nov;101(2):245–264. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Mathison J. C., Wolfson E., Ulevitch R. J. Participation of tumor necrosis factor in the mediation of gram negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced injury in rabbits. J Clin Invest. 1988 Jun;81(6):1925–1937. doi: 10.1172/JCI113540. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Mayoral J. L., Schweich C. J., Dunn D. L. Decreased tumor necrosis factor production during the initial stages of infection correlates with survival during murine gram-negative sepsis. Arch Surg. 1990 Jan;125(1):24–28. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1990.01410130026003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Olcay I., Kitahama A., Miller R. H., Drapanas T., Trejo R. A., Di Luzio N. R. Reticuloendothelial dysfunction and endotoxemia following protal vein occlusion. Surgery. 1974 Jan;75(1):64–70. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Pain J. A., Bailey M. E. Prevention of endotoxaemia in obstructive jaundice--a comparative study of bile salts. HPB Surg. 1988 Sep;1(1):21–27. doi: 10.1155/1988/42486. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Pain J. A. Reticulo-endothelial function in obstructive jaundice. Br J Surg. 1987 Dec;74(12):1091–1094. doi: 10.1002/bjs.1800741207. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Praaning-van Dalen D. P., Brouwer A., Knook D. L. Clearance capacity of rat liver Kupffer, Endothelial, and parenchymal cells. Gastroenterology. 1981 Dec;81(6):1036–1044. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Rutenburg S., Skarnes R., Palmerio C., Fine J. Detoxification of endotoxin by perfusion of liver and spleen. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1967 Jun;125(2):455–459. doi: 10.3181/00379727-125-32118. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Tracey K. J., Fong Y., Hesse D. G., Manogue K. R., Lee A. T., Kuo G. C., Lowry S. F., Cerami A. Anti-cachectin/TNF monoclonal antibodies prevent septic shock during lethal bacteraemia. Nature. 1987 Dec 17;330(6149):662–664. doi: 10.1038/330662a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Van Bossuyt H., De Zanger R. B., Wisse E. Cellular and subcellular distribution of injected lipopolysaccharide in rat liver and its inactivation by bile salts. J Hepatol. 1988 Dec;7(3):325–337. doi: 10.1016/s0168-8278(88)80005-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Waage A., Brandtzaeg P., Halstensen A., Kierulf P., Espevik T. The complex pattern of cytokines in serum from patients with meningococcal septic shock. Association between interleukin 6, interleukin 1, and fatal outcome. J Exp Med. 1989 Jan 1;169(1):333–338. doi: 10.1084/jem.169.1.333. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Wait R. B., Kahng K. U. Renal failure complicating obstructive jaundice. Am J Surg. 1989 Feb;157(2):256–263. doi: 10.1016/0002-9610(89)90540-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Yamaguchi Y., Yamaguchi K., Babb J. L., Gans H. In vivo quantitation of the rat liver's ability to eliminate endotoxin from portal vein blood. J Reticuloendothel Soc. 1982 Dec;32(6):409–422. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Yokoyama I., Todo S., Miyata T., Selby R., Tzakis A. G., Starzl T. E. Endotoxemia and human liver transplantation. Transplant Proc. 1989 Oct;21(5):3833–3841. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Zabel P., Wolter D. T., Schönharting M. M., Schade U. F. Oxpentifylline in endotoxaemia. Lancet. 1989 Dec 23;2(8678-8679):1474–1477. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(89)92929-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Gut are provided here courtesy of BMJ Publishing Group

RESOURCES