Skip to main content
PMC home page
Immunology logoLink to Immunology
. 1991 Nov;74(3):461–466.

Immunopotentiation of bovine herpes virus subunit vaccination by interleukin-2.

H P Hughes 1, M Campos 1, D L Godson 1, S Van Drunen Littel-Van den Hurk 1, L McDougall 1, N Rapin 1, T Zamb 1, L A Babiuk 1
PMCID: PMC1384640  PMID: 1663077

Abstract

Cattle were immunized with glycoprotein IV (gIV) from bovine herpes virus-1 (BHV-1). Groups of five animals were then given either 2, 3, 4, or 5 doses of interleukin-2 (IL-2) (0.5 microgram/kg) at 12-hr intervals. Animals that received no IL-2 exhibited specific immune responses that are typical for BHV-1 infection, i.e. enhanced specific cytotoxicity, lymphocyte proliferative responses to gIV, and increased gIV-specific (ELISA) and virus-neutralizing antibodies. Treatment of animals with five doses of IL-2 significantly augmented all of these responses except serum neutralization (P less than 0.05). Furthermore, the dose of IL-2 that was selected did not induce any non-specific responses, i.e. hypergamma-globulinaemia, changes in blood chemistry, increased lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell activity, changes in mitogen responsiveness or alterations in the phenotypic profile of circulating lymphocytes. Nor were there any clinical changes associated with IL-2 therapy (e.g. depression, pyrexia, diarrhea). Animals that were treated with less than five doses of IL-2 also exhibited elevated immune responses, but they were not significantly different from untreated immunized controls. Interestingly, animals given five doses of IL-2 responded to minor contaminants present in the gIV preparation. This allows speculation that this dose regimen of IL-2 is not only a potent adjuvant for conventional vaccine immunizing doses, but will also allow the use of minute quantities of antigen for immunization.

Full text

PDF

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Campos M., Ohmann H. B., Hutchings D., Rapin N., Babiuk L. A., Lawman M. J. Role of interferon-gamma in inducing cytotoxicity of peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes to bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1)-infected cells. Cell Immunol. 1989 Apr 15;120(1):259–269. doi: 10.1016/0008-8749(89)90193-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Campos M., Rossi C. R. Cell-mediated cytotoxicity of bovine mononuclear cells to IBRV-infected cells: dependence on Sephadex G-10 adherent cells. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 1985 Apr;8(4):363–375. doi: 10.1016/0165-2427(85)90006-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Campos M., Rossi C. R. Cytotoxicity of bovine lymphocytes after treatment with lymphokines. Am J Vet Res. 1986 Jul;47(7):1524–1528. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Davis W. C., Marusic S., Lewin H. A., Splitter G. A., Perryman L. E., McGuire T. C., Gorham J. R. The development and analysis of species specific and cross reactive monoclonal antibodies to leukocyte differentiation antigens and antigens of the major histocompatibility complex for use in the study of the immune system in cattle and other species. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 1987 Jul;15(4):337–376. doi: 10.1016/0165-2427(87)90005-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Filion L. G., McGuire R. L., Babiuk L. A. Nonspecific suppressive effect of bovine herpesvirus type 1 on bovine leukocyte functions. Infect Immun. 1983 Oct;42(1):106–112. doi: 10.1128/iai.42.1.106-112.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Good M. F., Pombo D., Lunde M. N., Maloy W. L., Halenbeck R., Koths K., Miller L. H., Berzofsky J. A. Recombinant human IL-2 overcomes genetic nonresponsiveness to malaria sporozoite peptides. Correlation of effect with biologic activity of IL-2. J Immunol. 1988 Aug 1;141(3):972–977. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Homan E. J., Easterday B. C. Experimental latent and recrudescent bovine herpesvirus-1 infections in calves. Am J Vet Res. 1983 Feb;44(2):309–313. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Hughes H. P., Thomas K. R., Speer C. A. Antigen-specific lymphocyte transformation induced by oocyst antigens of Eimeria bovis. Infect Immun. 1988 Jun;56(6):1518–1525. doi: 10.1128/iai.56.6.1518-1525.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Kawamura H., Rosenberg S. A., Berzofsky J. A. Immunization with antigen and interleukin 2 in vivo overcomes Ir gene low responsiveness. J Exp Med. 1985 Jul 1;162(1):381–386. doi: 10.1084/jem.162.1.381. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Malkovský M., Loveland B., North M., Asherson G. L., Gao L., Ward P., Fiers W. Recombinant interleukin-2 directly augments the cytotoxicity of human monocytes. Nature. 1987 Jan 15;325(6101):262–265. doi: 10.1038/325262a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Morgan D. A., Ruscetti F. W., Gallo R. Selective in vitro growth of T lymphocytes from normal human bone marrows. Science. 1976 Sep 10;193(4257):1007–1008. doi: 10.1126/science.181845. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Mulé J. J., Shu S., Schwarz S. L., Rosenberg S. A. Adoptive immunotherapy of established pulmonary metastases with LAK cells and recombinant interleukin-2. Science. 1984 Sep 28;225(4669):1487–1489. doi: 10.1126/science.6332379. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Murray H. W. Effect of continuous administration of interferon-gamma in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. J Infect Dis. 1990 May;161(5):992–994. doi: 10.1093/infdis/161.5.992. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Nunberg J. H., Doyle M. V., York S. M., York C. J. Interleukin 2 acts as an adjuvant to increase the potency of inactivated rabies virus vaccine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Jun;86(11):4240–4243. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.11.4240. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Ortaldo J. R., Mason A. T., Gerard J. P., Henderson L. E., Farrar W., Hopkins R. F., 3rd, Herberman R. B., Rabin H. Effects of natural and recombinant IL 2 on regulation of IFN gamma production and natural killer activity: lack of involvement of the Tac antigen for these immunoregulatory effects. J Immunol. 1984 Aug;133(2):779–783. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Rosenberg S. A., Mulé J. J., Spiess P. J., Reichert C. M., Schwarz S. L. Regression of established pulmonary metastases and subcutaneous tumor mediated by the systemic administration of high-dose recombinant interleukin 2. J Exp Med. 1985 May 1;161(5):1169–1188. doi: 10.1084/jem.161.5.1169. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Rouse B. T., Babiuk L. A. The direct antiviral cytotoxicity by bovine lymphocytes is not restricted by genetic incompatibility of lymphocytes and target cells. J Immunol. 1977 Feb;118(2):618–624. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk S., Gifford G. A., Babiuk L. A. Epitope specificity of the protective immune response induced by individual bovine herpesvirus-1 glycoproteins. Vaccine. 1990 Aug;8(4):358–368. doi: 10.1016/0264-410x(90)90095-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk S., van den Hurk J. V., Babiuk L. A. Topographical analysis of bovine herpesvirus type-1 glycoproteins: use of monoclonal antibodies to identify and characterize functional epitopes. Virology. 1985 Jul 15;144(1):216–227. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(85)90319-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Immunology are provided here courtesy of British Society for Immunology

RESOURCES