Abstract
Fourteen mono-azo dyes were used to study the effects of substitution patterns on the biodegradability of dimethyl-hydroxy-azobenzene 4(prm1)-sulfonic acids by Streptomyces chromofuscus A11. Two substitution patterns were analyzed: (i) all possible substitution patterns of the two methyl and hydroxy substitution groups, 2-hydroxy (3,5; 4,5; 5,6) dimethyl and 4-hydroxy (2,3; 2,5; 2,6; 3,5) dimethyl isomers of azobenzene 4(prm1)-sulfonic acid; and (ii) replacement of the sulfonic group with a carboxylic group in these sulfonated azo dyes. The structural pattern of the hydroxy group in para position relative to the azo linkage and of two methyl substitution groups in ortho position relative to the hydroxy group was the most susceptible to degradation. Replacement of the sulfonic group with a carboxylic group enhanced overall dye degradability by S. chromofuscus A11.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (179.3 KB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Crawford D. L., Lynch J. M., Whipps J. M., Ousley M. A. Isolation and characterization of actinomycete antagonists of a fungal root pathogen. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Nov;59(11):3899–3905. doi: 10.1128/aem.59.11.3899-3905.1993. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Goszczynski S., Paszczynski A., Pasti-Grigsby M. B., Crawford R. L., Crawford D. L. New pathway for degradation of sulfonated azo dyes by microbial peroxidases of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Streptomyces chromofuscus. J Bacteriol. 1994 Mar;176(5):1339–1347. doi: 10.1128/jb.176.5.1339-1347.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lewis B. How to develop and use a patient questionnaire. Physicians Manage. 1986 Feb;26(2):161-6, 171, 174. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pasti-Grigsby M. B., Paszczynski A., Goszczynski S., Crawford D. L., Crawford R. L. Influence of aromatic substitution patterns on azo dye degradability by Streptomyces spp. and Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1992 Nov;58(11):3605–3613. doi: 10.1128/aem.58.11.3605-3613.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zhou W., Zimmermann W. Decolorization of industrial effluents containing reactive dyes by actinomycetes. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1993 Mar 1;107(2-3):157–161. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb06023.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]