Abstract
We report a cardiovascular risk factor survey of "native" Hawaiians 20-59 years old (70 percent, or 257), living on the Hawaiian Homestead lands on the island of Molokai, Hawaii. More than 60 percent of both sexes were overweight. Among males, 42 percent were smokers. The percent of the population with systolic blood pressure greater than 140 mm Hg or a diastolic pressure greater than 90 mm Hg or taking hypertensive medications was 14 percent of those ages 20-39 and 36 percent of those ages 40-59. The percent with serum cholesterol greater than or equal to 6.2 mmol/L ranged from 8 percent of those 20-29 years old to 46 percent in those 50-59 years old. Two percent of those ages 20-29 had a history of diabetes, or 2 + or greater glycosuria by dipstick, as did 23 percent of those ages 50-59. The majority of the known diabetics exhibited glycosuria and elevated glycohemoglobin levels, indicating poor control. Hypertension, although usually known to the participant, was frequently uncontrolled. From these data, it appears that among this group of Hawaiians major risk factors for cardiovascular disease were frequent, while at the same time the levels of awareness and/or control for most of these factors were low.
Full text
PDF
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Balkau B., King H., Zimmet P., Raper L. R. Factors associated with the development of diabetes in the Micronesian population of Nauru. Am J Epidemiol. 1985 Oct;122(4):594–605. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114139. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gardner R. W. Life tables by ethnic group for Hawaii, 1980. R S Rep. 1984 Mar;(47):1–15. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Heiss G., Tamir I., Davis C. E., Tyroler H. A., Rifkand B. M., Schonfeld G., Jacobs D., Frantz I. D., Jr Lipoprotein-cholesterol distributions in selected North American populations: the lipid research clinics program prevalence study. Circulation. 1980 Feb;61(2):302–315. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.61.2.302. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Knowler W. C., Bennett P. H., Hamman R. F., Miller M. Diabetes incidence and prevalence in Pima Indians: a 19-fold greater incidence than in Rochester, Minnesota. Am J Epidemiol. 1978 Dec;108(6):497–505. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112648. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Larsson B., Svärdsudd K., Welin L., Wilhelmsen L., Björntorp P., Tibblin G. Abdominal adipose tissue distribution, obesity, and risk of cardiovascular disease and death: 13 year follow up of participants in the study of men born in 1913. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1984 May 12;288(6428):1401–1404. doi: 10.1136/bmj.288.6428.1401. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Prior I. A., Davidson F. The epidemiology of diabetes in Polynesians and Europeans in New Zealand and the Pacific. N Z Med J. 1966 Jun;65(406):375–383. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Taylor R. J., Bennett P. H., LeGonidec G., Lacoste J., Combe D., Joffres M., Uili R., Charpin M., Zimmet P. Z. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in a traditional-living Polynesian population: the Wallis Island survey. Diabetes Care. 1983 Jul-Aug;6(4):334–340. doi: 10.2337/diacare.6.4.334. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Van Itallie T. B. Health implications of overweight and obesity in the United States. Ann Intern Med. 1985 Dec;103(6 ):983–988. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-103-6-983. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zimmet P., Taylor R., Ram P., King H., Sloman G., Raper L. R., Hunt D. Prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in the biracial (Melanesian and Indian) population of Fiji: a rural-urban comparison. Am J Epidemiol. 1983 Nov;118(5):673–688. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113678. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zimmet P., Taylor R., Whitehouse S. Prevalence rates of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus in various Pacific populations according to the new WHO criteria. Bull World Health Organ. 1982;60(2):279–282. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]