Skip to main content
PMC home page
Gut logoLink to Gut
. 1978 Jun;19(6):492–496. doi: 10.1136/gut.19.6.492

Serum bile acids in hepatobiliary disease.

I A Bouchier, C R Pennington
PMCID: PMC1412016  PMID: 355064

Abstract

We review the estimation of total and individual serum bile acids to detect the presence and nature of hepatobiliary disease. The different methods for measuring serum bile acids are discussed.

Full text

PDF
492

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Anderson K. E., Kok E., Javitt N. B. Bile acid synthesis in man: metabolism of 7 -hydroxycholesterol- 14 C and 26-hydroxycholesterol- 3 H. J Clin Invest. 1972 Jan;51(1):112–117. doi: 10.1172/JCI106780. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Angelin B., Einarsson K., Hellström K. Evidence for the absorption of bile acids in the proximal small intestine of normo- and hyperlipidaemic subjects. Gut. 1976 Jun;17(6):420–425. doi: 10.1136/gut.17.6.420. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Barnes S., Gallo G. A., Trash D. B., Morris J. S. Diagnositic value of serum bile acid estimations in liver disease. J Clin Pathol. 1975 Jun;28(6):506–509. doi: 10.1136/jcp.28.6.506. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bloomer J. R., Allen R. M., Klatskin G. Serum bile acids in primary biliary cirrhosis. Arch Intern Med. 1976 Jan;136(1):57–61. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. CAREY J. B., Jr The serum trihydroxy-dihydroxy bile acid ratio in liver and biliary tract disease. J Clin Invest. 1958 Nov;37(11):1494–1503. doi: 10.1172/JCI103741. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Cowen A. E., Korman M. G., Hofmann A. F., Cass O. W. Metabolism of lethocholate in healthy man. I. Biotransformation and biliary excretion of intravenously administered lithocholate, lithocholylglycine, and their sulfates. Gastroenterology. 1975 Jul;69(1):59–66. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Danielsson H., Sjövall J. Bile acid metabolism. Annu Rev Biochem. 1975;44:233–253. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.44.070175.001313. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Demers L. M., Hepner G. Radioimmunoassay of bile acids in serum. Clin Chem. 1976 May;22(5):602–606. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Fausa O., Gjone E. Serum bile acid concentrations in patients with liver disease. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1976;11(5):537–543. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Fausa O. Quantitative determination of serum bile acids using a purified 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1975;10(7):747–752. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Fausa O., Skålhegg B. A. Quantitative determination of serum bile acids using a 7alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1977;12(4):441–447. doi: 10.3109/00365527709181685. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Frosch B., Wagener H. Quantitative determination of conjugated bile acids in serum in acute hepatitis. Nature. 1967 Jan 28;213(5074):404–405. doi: 10.1038/213404a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Greim H., Trülzsch D., Czygan P., Rudick J., Hutterer F., Schaffner F., Popper H. Mechanism of cholestasis. 6. Bile acids in human livers with or without biliary obstruction. Gastroenterology. 1972 Nov;63(5):846–850. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Hamlyn A. N., Douglas A. P., James O. F., Lesna M., Watson A. J. Liver function and structure in survivors of acetaminophen poisoning. A follow-up study of serum bile acids and liver histology. Am J Dig Dis. 1977 Jul;22(7):605–610. doi: 10.1007/BF01073078. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Hofmann A. F. The enterohepatic circulation of bile acids in man. Clin Gastroenterol. 1977 Jan;6(1):3–24. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Horak W., Waldram R., Murray-Lyon I. M., Schuster E., Williams R. Kinetics of [14C]cholic acid in fulminant hepatic failure: a prognostic test. Gastroenterology. 1976 Nov;71(5):809–813. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Javitt N. B., Morrissey K. P., Siegel E., Goldberg H., Gartner L. M., Hollander M., Kok E. Cholestatic syndromes in infancy: diagnostic value of serum bile acid pattern and cholestyramine administration. Pediatr Res. 1973 Mar;7(3):119–125. doi: 10.1203/00006450-197303000-00003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Josephson B. The determination of cholic acids in blood. Biochem J. 1935 Jul;29(7):1519–1524. doi: 10.1042/bj0291519. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Kallner A. Serum bile acids in man during vitamin C supplementation and restriction. Acta Med Scand. 1977;202(4):283–287. doi: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1977.tb16828.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Kaplowitz N., Kok E., Javitt N. B. Postprandial serum bile acid for the detection of hepatobiliary disease. JAMA. 1973 Jul 16;225(3):292–293. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Korman M. G., Hofmann A. F., Summerskill W. H. Assessment of activity in chronic active liver disease. Serum bile acids compared with conventional tests and histology. N Engl J Med. 1974 Jun 20;290(25):1399–1402. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197406202902503. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Lewis B., Tabaqchali S., Panveliwalla D., Wootton I. D. Serum-bile-acids in the stagnant-loop syndrome. Lancet. 1969 Feb 1;1(7588):219–220. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(69)91238-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. MacDonald I. A. Enzymic analysis of bile acids. Clin Biochem. 1976 Jun;9(3):153–154. doi: 10.1016/s0009-9120(76)80039-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Makino I., Hashimoto H., Shinozaki K., Yoshino K., Nakagawa S. Sulfated and nonsulfated bile acids in urine, serum, and bile of patients with hepatobiliary diseases. Gastroenterology. 1975 Mar;68(3):545–553. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Makino I., Nakagawa S., Mashimo K. Conjugated and unconjugated serum bile acid levels n patients with hepatobiliary diseases. Gastroenterology. 1969 Jun;56(6):1033–1039. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Makino I., Nakagawa S., Shinozaki K., Mashimo K. Sulfated and nonsulfated bile acid in human serum. Lipids. 1972 Nov;7(11):750–752. doi: 10.1007/BF02533126. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Matern S., Krieger R., Gerok W. Radioimmunoassay of serum conjugated cholic acid. Clin Chim Acta. 1976 Oct 1;72(1):39–48. doi: 10.1016/0009-8981(76)90035-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. McCormick W. C., 3rd, Bell C. C., Jr, Swell L., Vlahcevic Z. R. Cholic acid synthesis as an index of the severity of liver disease in man. Gut. 1973 Nov;14(11):895–902. doi: 10.1136/gut.14.11.895. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Milstein H. J., Bloomer J. R., Klatskin G. Serum bile acids in alcoholic liver disease. Comparison with histological features of the disease. Am J Dig Dis. 1976 Apr;21(4):281–285. doi: 10.1007/BF01071839. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Mitropoulos K. A., Myant N. B. The formation of lithocholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and alpha- and beta-muricholic acids from cholesterol incubated with rat-liver mitochondria. Biochem J. 1967 May;103(2):472–479. doi: 10.1042/bj1030472. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Murphy G. M., Billing B. H., Baron D. N. A fluorimetric and enzymatic method for the estimation of serum total bile acids. J Clin Pathol. 1970 Oct;23(7):594–598. doi: 10.1136/jcp.23.7.594. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Neale G., Lewis B., Weaver V., Panveliwalla D. Serum bile acids in liver disease. Gut. 1971 Feb;12(2):145–152. doi: 10.1136/gut.12.2.145. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. OSBORN E. C., WOOTTON I. D., da SILVA L., SHERLOCK S. Serum-bile-acid levels in liver disease. Lancet. 1959 Dec 12;2(7111):1049–1053. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(59)91527-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Panveliwalla D., Lewis B., Wootton I. D., Tabaqchali S. Determination of individual bile acids in biological fluids by thin-layer chromatography and fluorimetry. J Clin Pathol. 1970 May;23(4):309–314. doi: 10.1136/jcp.23.4.309. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Pennington C. R., Ross P. E., Bateson M. C., Bouchier I. A. Serum bile acids in patients with hyperlipidaemia. J Clin Pathol. 1978 Jan;31(1):58–62. doi: 10.1136/jcp.31.1.58. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Pennington C. R., Ross P. E., Bouchier I. A. Fasting and postprandial serum bile acid concentrations in normal persons using an improved GLC method. Digestion. 1978;17(1):56–62. doi: 10.1159/000198094. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Pennington C. R., Ross P. E., Bouchier I. A. Serum bile acids in patients with viral hepatitis. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1978;13(1):77–80. doi: 10.3109/00365527809179809. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Pennington C. R., Ross P. E., Bouchier I. A. Serum bile acids in the diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease. Gut. 1977 Nov;18(11):903–908. doi: 10.1136/gut.18.11.903. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. RUDMAN D., KENDALL F. E. Bile acid content of human serum. I. Serum bile acids in patients with hepatic disease. J Clin Invest. 1957 Apr;36(4):530–537. doi: 10.1172/JCI103450. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Roovers J., Evrard E., Vanderhaeghe H. An improved method for measuring human blood bile acids. Clin Chim Acta. 1968 Mar;19(3):449–457. doi: 10.1016/0009-8981(68)90272-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Ross P. E., Pennington C. R., Bouchier I. A. Gas-liquid chromatographic assay of serum bile acids. Anal Biochem. 1977 Jun;80(2):458–465. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(77)90668-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. SANDBERG D. H., SJOEVALL J., SJOEVALL K., TURNER D. A. MEASUREMENT OF HUMAN SERUM BILE ACIDS BY GAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY. J Lipid Res. 1965 Apr;6:182–192. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Schalm S. W., van Berge-Henegouwen G. P., Hofmann A. F., Cowen A. E., Turcotte J. Radioimmunoassay of bile acids: development, validation, and preliminary application of an assay for conjugates of chenodeoxycholic acid. Gastroenterology. 1977 Aug;73(2):285–290. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Simmonds W. J., Korman M. G., Go V. L., Hofmann A. F. Radioimmunoassay of conjugated cholyl bile acids in serum. Gastroenterology. 1973 Nov;65(5):705–711. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Spenney J. G., Johnson B. J., Hirschowitz B. I., Mihas A. A., Gibson R. An 125I radioimmunoassay for primary conjugated bile salts. Gastroenterology. 1977 Feb;72(2):305–311. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Stiehl A. Bile salt sulphates in cholestasis. Eur J Clin Invest. 1974 Feb;4(1):59–63. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.1974.tb00373.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Thjodleifsson B., Barnes S., Chitranukroh A., Billing B. H., Sherlock S. Assessment of the plasma disappearance of cholyl'l14C-glycine as a test of hepatocellular disease. Gut. 1977 Sep;18(9):697–702. doi: 10.1136/gut.18.9.697. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Van Berge Henegouwen G. P., Ruben A., Brandt K. H. Quantitative analysis of bile acids in serum and bile, using gas--liquid chromatography. Clin Chim Acta. 1974 Aug 20;54(3):249–261. doi: 10.1016/0009-8981(74)90243-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. Winkel P., Ramsoe K., Lyngbye J., Tygstrup N. Diagnostic value of routine liver tests. Clin Chem. 1975 Jan;21(1):71–75. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. van Berge Henegouwen G. P., Brandt K. H., Eyssen H., Parmentier G. Sulphated and unsulphated bile acids in serum, bile, and urine of patients with cholestasis. Gut. 1976 Nov;17(11):861–869. doi: 10.1136/gut.17.11.861. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Gut are provided here courtesy of BMJ Publishing Group

RESOURCES