Abstract
Highly purified, small, resting murine Ig-positive spleen cells could be induced to proliferate by concanavalin A (Con A) if the activation was supported by allogeneic helper factors (AHF). Con A or AHF alone was unable to induce cell proliferation as determined by incorporation of [methyl-3H] thymidine. However, if AHF produced by a mixed lymphocyte culture was present together with Con A, the B lymphocytes were strongly activated exhibiting a stimulation index of approximately 2000 as compared to Con A alone. The dose-response maximum was obtained after a 4-day culture using 25% of a supernatant from a mixed lymphocyte culture as a source of AHF. The kinetics of the AHF-supported B-cell activation was also investigated. The activation could be completely inhibited by the addition of 100 mM methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside at the initiation of the culture, but, if added 14-18 hr later, the cells have had the necessary induction period and a proliferation could be recorded. AHF had to be present at the initiation of the cultures, otherwise the response immediately diminished, whereas Con A could be added up to 6 hr after initiation without affecting the proliferative response.
Full text
PDF






Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Andersson J., Edelman G. M., Möller G., Sjöberg O. Activation of B lymphocytes by locally concentrated concanavalin A. Eur J Immunol. 1972 Jun;2(3):233–235. doi: 10.1002/eji.1830020307. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Andersson J., Schreier M. H., Melchers F. T-cell-dependent B-cell stimulation is H-2 restricted and antigen dependent only at the resting B-cell level. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Mar;77(3):1612–1616. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.3.1612. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Borrebaeck C. A. Dependence of T-cell-replacing factor and immunogenic dose for the production of monoclonal antibodies using the in vitro immunization technique. Mol Immunol. 1984 Oct;21(10):841–845. doi: 10.1016/0161-5890(84)90137-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Borrebaeck C. A. In vitro immunization for the production of antigen-specific lymphocyte hybridomas. Scand J Immunol. 1983 Jul;18(1):9–12. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1983.tb00829.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Corbel C., Melchers F. Requirement for macrophages or for macrophage- or T cell-derived factors in the mitogenic stimulation of murine B lymphocytes by lipopolysaccharides. Eur J Immunol. 1983 Jul;13(7):528–533. doi: 10.1002/eji.1830130703. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DeFranco A. L., Ashwell J. D., Schwartz R. H., Paul W. E. Polyclonal stimulation of resting B lymphocytes by antigen-specific T lymphocytes. J Exp Med. 1984 Mar 1;159(3):861–880. doi: 10.1084/jem.159.3.861. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DeFranco A. L., Kung J. T., Paul W. E. Regulation of growth and proliferation in B cell subpopulations. Immunol Rev. 1982;64:161–182. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1982.tb00423.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dutton R. W. Separate signals for the initiation of proliferation and differentiation in the b cell response to antigen. Transplant Rev. 1975;23:66–77. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1975.tb00149.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gillis S., Ferm M. M., Ou W., Smith K. A. T cell growth factor: parameters of production and a quantitative microassay for activity. J Immunol. 1978 Jun;120(6):2027–2032. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hawrylowicz C. M., Klaus G. G. Activation and proliferation signals in mouse B cells. IV. Concanavalin A stimulates B cells to leave G0, but not to proliferate. Immunology. 1984 Dec;53(4):703–711. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Howard M., Farrar J., Hilfiker M., Johnson B., Takatsu K., Hamaoka T., Paul W. E. Identification of a T cell-derived b cell growth factor distinct from interleukin 2. J Exp Med. 1982 Mar 1;155(3):914–923. doi: 10.1084/jem.155.3.914. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jones B., Janeway C. A., Jr Cooperative interaction of B lymphocytes with antigen-specific helper T lymphocytes is MHC restricted. Nature. 1981 Aug 6;292(5823):547–549. doi: 10.1038/292547a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Julius M. H., von Boehmer H., Sidman C. L. Dissociation of two signals required for activation of resting B cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Mar;79(6):1989–1993. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.6.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kishimoto T., Yoshizaki K., Kimoto M., Okada M., Kuritani T., Kikutani H., Shimizu K., Nakagawa T., Nakagawa N., Miki Y. B cell growth and differentiation factors and mechanism of B cell activation. Immunol Rev. 1984 Apr;78:97–118. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1984.tb00478.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Marrack P., Kappler J. W. The role of H-2-linked genes in helper T cell function. VII. Expression of I region and immune response genes by B cells in bystander help assays. J Exp Med. 1980 Nov 1;152(5):1274–1288. doi: 10.1084/jem.152.5.1274. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mizel S. B. Interleukin 1 and T cell activation. Immunol Rev. 1982;63:51–72. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1982.tb00411.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mizel S. B., Mizel D. Purification to apparent homogeneity of murine interleukin 1. J Immunol. 1981 Mar;126(3):834–837. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Muraguchi A., Fauci A. S. Proliferative responses of normal human B lymphocytes. Development of an assay system for human B cell growth factor (BCGF). J Immunol. 1982 Sep;129(3):1104–1108. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Möller S. A., Borrebaeck C. A. A filter immuno-plaque assay for the detection of antibody-secreting cells in vitro. J Immunol Methods. 1985 May 23;79(2):195–204. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(85)90099-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nilsson S. F., Waxdal M. J. Isolation and characterization of lectin binding proteins from murine lymphoid cells. Biochemistry. 1978 Mar 7;17(5):903–910. doi: 10.1021/bi00598a025. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Okada M., Sakaguchi N., Yoshimura N., Hara H., Shimizu K., Yoshida N., Yoshizaki K., Kishimoto S., Yamamura Y., Kishimoto T. B cell growth factors and B cell differentiation factor from human T hybridomas. Two distinct kinds of B cell growth factor and their synergism in B cell proliferation. J Exp Med. 1983 Feb 1;157(2):583–590. doi: 10.1084/jem.157.2.583. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pobor G., Pettersson S., Bandeira A., Martinez-A C., Coutinho A. B lymphocyte activation upon exclusive recognition of major histocompatibility antigens by T helper cells. Eur J Immunol. 1984 Mar;14(3):222–227. doi: 10.1002/eji.1830140305. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ratcliffe M. J., Julius M. H. H-2-restricted T-B cell interactions involved in polyspecific B cell responses mediated by soluble antigen. Eur J Immunol. 1982 Aug;12(8):634–641. doi: 10.1002/eji.1830120803. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ratcliffe M. J., Julius M. H. T-dependent activation of resting B cells mediated by concanavalin A. Eur J Immunol. 1984 Mar;14(3):280–283. doi: 10.1002/eji.1830140315. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schimpl A., Wecker E. A third signal in B cell activation given by TRF. Transplant Rev. 1975;23:176–188. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1975.tb00157.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schimpl A., Wecker E. Replacement of T-cell function by a T-cell product. Nat New Biol. 1972 May 3;237(70):15–17. doi: 10.1038/newbio237015a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schmidt J. A. Purification and partial biochemical characterization of normal human interleukin 1. J Exp Med. 1984 Sep 1;160(3):772–787. doi: 10.1084/jem.160.3.772. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stobo J. D., Rosenthal A. S., Paul W. E. Functional heterogeneity of murine lymphoid cells. I. Responsiveness to and surface binding of concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin. J Immunol. 1972 Jan;108(1):1–17. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Voller A., Bidwell D. E., Bartlett A. Enzyme immunoassays in diagnostic medicine. Theory and practice. Bull World Health Organ. 1976;53(1):55–65. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Woodard C. S., Splawski J. B., Goldblum R. M., Denney R. M. Characterization of epitopes of human secretory component on free secretory component, secretory IgA, and membrane-associated secretory component. J Immunol. 1984 Oct;133(4):2116–2125. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wysocki L. J., Sato V. L. "Panning" for lymphocytes: a method for cell selection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Jun;75(6):2844–2848. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.6.2844. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- de Petris S. Concanavalin A receptors, immunoglobulins, and theta antigen of the lymphocyte surface. Interactions with concanavalin A and with Cytoplasmic structures. J Cell Biol. 1975 Apr;65(1):123–146. doi: 10.1083/jcb.65.1.123. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
