Abstract
The murine poly(C)-binding protein (mCBP) was previously shown to belong to the group of K-homology (KH) proteins by virtue of its homology to hnRNP-K. We have isolated cDNA-splice variants of mCBP which differ by two variable regions of 93 bp and/or 39 +/- 3 bp respectively. Both variable regions are located between the second and third KH-domain of mCBP. The characterization of a partial genomic clone enabled us to propose a model for the generation of the second variable region by the use of a putative alternative splice signal. The mCBP mRNA is expressed ubiquitously and the protein is found predominantly in the nucleus with the exception of the nucleoli. We have identified five proteins which interact with mCBP in the yeast two hybrid system: mouse y-box protein 1 (msy-1), y-box-binding protein, hnRNP-L, filamin and splicing factor 9G8. The interaction between mCBP and splicing factor 9G8 was confirmed in vivo. These results suggest a function of mCBP in RNA metabolism.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (185.1 KB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Bassell G. J., Powers C. M., Taneja K. L., Singer R. H. Single mRNAs visualized by ultrastructural in situ hybridization are principally localized at actin filament intersections in fibroblasts. J Cell Biol. 1994 Aug;126(4):863–876. doi: 10.1083/jcb.126.4.863. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brauer D., Röming R. The primary structure of protein S3 from the small ribosomal subunit of Escherichia coli. FEBS Lett. 1979 Oct 15;106(2):352–357. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(79)80531-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Breeden L., Nasmyth K. Regulation of the yeast HO gene. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1985;50:643–650. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1985.050.01.078. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Buckanovich R. J., Posner J. B., Darnell R. B. Nova, the paraneoplastic Ri antigen, is homologous to an RNA-binding protein and is specifically expressed in the developing motor system. Neuron. 1993 Oct;11(4):657–672. doi: 10.1016/0896-6273(93)90077-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Burd C. G., Dreyfuss G. Conserved structures and diversity of functions of RNA-binding proteins. Science. 1994 Jul 29;265(5172):615–621. doi: 10.1126/science.8036511. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Burd C. G., Swanson M. S., Görlach M., Dreyfuss G. Primary structures of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2, B1, and C2 proteins: a diversity of RNA binding proteins is generated by small peptide inserts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Dec;86(24):9788–9792. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.24.9788. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bustelo X. R., Suen K. L., Michael W. M., Dreyfuss G., Barbacid M. Association of the vav proto-oncogene product with poly(rC)-specific RNA-binding proteins. Mol Cell Biol. 1995 Mar;15(3):1324–1332. doi: 10.1128/mcb.15.3.1324. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cavaloc Y., Popielarz M., Fuchs J. P., Gattoni R., Stévenin J. Characterization and cloning of the human splicing factor 9G8: a novel 35 kDa factor of the serine/arginine protein family. EMBO J. 1994 Jun 1;13(11):2639–2649. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06554.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chomczynski P., Sacchi N. Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. Anal Biochem. 1987 Apr;162(1):156–159. doi: 10.1006/abio.1987.9999. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dejgaard K., Leffers H., Rasmussen H. H., Madsen P., Kruse T. A., Gesser B., Nielsen H., Celis J. E. Identification, molecular cloning, expression and chromosome mapping of a family of transformation upregulated hnRNP-K proteins derived by alternative splicing. J Mol Biol. 1994 Feb 11;236(1):33–48. doi: 10.1006/jmbi.1994.1116. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dreyfuss G., Matunis M. J., Piñol-Roma S., Burd C. G. hnRNP proteins and the biogenesis of mRNA. Annu Rev Biochem. 1993;62:289–321. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.62.070193.001445. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Duncan R., Bazar L., Michelotti G., Tomonaga T., Krutzsch H., Avigan M., Levens D. A sequence-specific, single-strand binding protein activates the far upstream element of c-myc and defines a new DNA-binding motif. Genes Dev. 1994 Feb 15;8(4):465–480. doi: 10.1101/gad.8.4.465. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Edelmann W., Kröger B., Goller M., Horak I. A recombination hotspot in the LTR of a mouse retrotransposon identified in an in vitro system. Cell. 1989 Jun 16;57(6):937–946. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90332-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Feilotter H. E., Hannon G. J., Ruddell C. J., Beach D. Construction of an improved host strain for two hybrid screening. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 Apr 25;22(8):1502–1503. doi: 10.1093/nar/22.8.1502. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fields S., Song O. A novel genetic system to detect protein-protein interactions. Nature. 1989 Jul 20;340(6230):245–246. doi: 10.1038/340245a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Franke W. W., Schmid E., Vandekerckhove J., Weber K. Permanently proliferating rat vascular smooth muscle cell with maintained expression of smooth muscle characteristics, including actin of the vascular smooth muscle type. J Cell Biol. 1980 Dec;87(3 Pt 1):594–600. doi: 10.1083/jcb.87.3.594. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ghetti A., Piñol-Roma S., Michael W. M., Morandi C., Dreyfuss G. hnRNP I, the polypyrimidine tract-binding protein: distinct nuclear localization and association with hnRNAs. Nucleic Acids Res. 1992 Jul 25;20(14):3671–3678. doi: 10.1093/nar/20.14.3671. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gietz D., St Jean A., Woods R. A., Schiestl R. H. Improved method for high efficiency transformation of intact yeast cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 1992 Mar 25;20(6):1425–1425. doi: 10.1093/nar/20.6.1425. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gil A., Sharp P. A., Jamison S. F., Garcia-Blanco M. A. Characterization of cDNAs encoding the polypyrimidine tract-binding protein. Genes Dev. 1991 Jul;5(7):1224–1236. doi: 10.1101/gad.5.7.1224. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Goller M., Funke B., Gehe-Becker C., Kröger B., Lottspeich F., Horak I. Murine protein which binds preferentially to oligo-C-rich single-stranded nucleic acids. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 May 25;22(10):1885–1889. doi: 10.1093/nar/22.10.1885. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hahm K., Kim G., Turck C. W., Smale S. T. Isolation of a murine gene encoding a nucleic acid-binding protein with homology to hnRNP K. Nucleic Acids Res. 1993 Aug 11;21(16):3894–3894. doi: 10.1093/nar/21.16.3894. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hock R. S., Davis G., Speicher D. W. Purification of human smooth muscle filamin and characterization of structural domains and functional sites. Biochemistry. 1990 Oct 9;29(40):9441–9451. doi: 10.1021/bi00492a019. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Honda B. M., Roeder R. G. Association of a 5S gene transcription factor with 5S RNA and altered levels of the factor during cell differentiation. Cell. 1980 Nov;22(1 Pt 1):119–126. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90160-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jones A. R., Schedl T. Mutations in gld-1, a female germ cell-specific tumor suppressor gene in Caenorhabditis elegans, affect a conserved domain also found in Src-associated protein Sam68. Genes Dev. 1995 Jun 15;9(12):1491–1504. doi: 10.1101/gad.9.12.1491. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kamma H., Portman D. S., Dreyfuss G. Cell type-specific expression of hnRNP proteins. Exp Cell Res. 1995 Nov;221(1):187–196. doi: 10.1006/excr.1995.1366. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kiledjian M., Wang X., Liebhaber S. A. Identification of two KH domain proteins in the alpha-globin mRNP stability complex. EMBO J. 1995 Sep 1;14(17):4357–4364. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb00110.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kiseleva E., Wurtz T., Visa N., Daneholt B. Assembly and disassembly of spliceosomes along a specific pre-messenger RNP fiber. EMBO J. 1994 Dec 15;13(24):6052–6061. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06952.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Leffers H., Dejgaard K., Celis J. E. Characterisation of two major cellular poly(rC)-binding human proteins, each containing three K-homologous (KH) domains. Eur J Biochem. 1995 Jun 1;230(2):447–453. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Liu X., Mertz J. E. HnRNP L binds a cis-acting RNA sequence element that enables intron-dependent gene expression. Genes Dev. 1995 Jul 15;9(14):1766–1780. doi: 10.1101/gad.9.14.1766. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mahone M., Saffman E. E., Lasko P. F. Localized Bicaudal-C RNA encodes a protein containing a KH domain, the RNA binding motif of FMR1. EMBO J. 1995 May 1;14(9):2043–2055. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07196.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Matunis M. J., Michael W. M., Dreyfuss G. Characterization and primary structure of the poly(C)-binding heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex K protein. Mol Cell Biol. 1992 Jan;12(1):164–171. doi: 10.1128/mcb.12.1.164. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mount S. M. A catalogue of splice junction sequences. Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Jan 22;10(2):459–472. doi: 10.1093/nar/10.2.459. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Piñol-Roma S., Choi Y. D., Matunis M. J., Dreyfuss G. Immunopurification of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles reveals an assortment of RNA-binding proteins. Genes Dev. 1988 Feb;2(2):215–227. doi: 10.1101/gad.2.2.215. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Piñol-Roma S., Swanson M. S., Gall J. G., Dreyfuss G. A novel heterogeneous nuclear RNP protein with a unique distribution on nascent transcripts. J Cell Biol. 1989 Dec;109(6 Pt 1):2575–2587. doi: 10.1083/jcb.109.6.2575. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Siomi H., Choi M., Siomi M. C., Nussbaum R. L., Dreyfuss G. Essential role for KH domains in RNA binding: impaired RNA binding by a mutation in the KH domain of FMR1 that causes fragile X syndrome. Cell. 1994 Apr 8;77(1):33–39. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90232-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Siomi H., Matunis M. J., Michael W. M., Dreyfuss G. The pre-mRNA binding K protein contains a novel evolutionarily conserved motif. Nucleic Acids Res. 1993 Mar 11;21(5):1193–1198. doi: 10.1093/nar/21.5.1193. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Siomi H., Siomi M. C., Nussbaum R. L., Dreyfuss G. The protein product of the fragile X gene, FMR1, has characteristics of an RNA-binding protein. Cell. 1993 Jul 30;74(2):291–298. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90420-u. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tafuri S. R., Familari M., Wolffe A. P. A mouse Y box protein, MSY1, is associated with paternal mRNA in spermatocytes. J Biol Chem. 1993 Jun 5;268(16):12213–12220. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Takimoto M., Tomonaga T., Matunis M., Avigan M., Krutzsch H., Dreyfuss G., Levens D. Specific binding of heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein particle protein K to the human c-myc promoter, in vitro. J Biol Chem. 1993 Aug 25;268(24):18249–18258. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Taylor S. J., Shalloway D. An RNA-binding protein associated with Src through its SH2 and SH3 domains in mitosis. Nature. 1994 Apr 28;368(6474):867–871. doi: 10.1038/368867a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tomonaga T., Levens D. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K is a DNA-binding transactivator. J Biol Chem. 1995 Mar 3;270(9):4875–4881. doi: 10.1074/jbc.270.9.4875. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Vojtek A. B., Hollenberg S. M., Cooper J. A. Mammalian Ras interacts directly with the serine/threonine kinase Raf. Cell. 1993 Jul 16;74(1):205–214. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90307-c. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Weiner A. M., Deininger P. L., Efstratiadis A. Nonviral retroposons: genes, pseudogenes, and transposable elements generated by the reverse flow of genetic information. Annu Rev Biochem. 1986;55:631–661. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.55.070186.003215. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Weng Z., Thomas S. M., Rickles R. J., Taylor J. A., Brauer A. W., Seidel-Dugan C., Michael W. M., Dreyfuss G., Brugge J. S. Identification of Src, Fyn, and Lyn SH3-binding proteins: implications for a function of SH3 domains. Mol Cell Biol. 1994 Jul;14(7):4509–4521. doi: 10.1128/mcb.14.7.4509. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wolffe A. P. Structural and functional properties of the evolutionarily ancient Y-box family of nucleic acid binding proteins. Bioessays. 1994 Apr;16(4):245–251. doi: 10.1002/bies.950160407. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wong G., Müller O., Clark R., Conroy L., Moran M. F., Polakis P., McCormick F. Molecular cloning and nucleic acid binding properties of the GAP-associated tyrosine phosphoprotein p62. Cell. 1992 May 1;69(3):551–558. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90455-l. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zaidi S. H., Malter J. S. Nucleolin and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C proteins specifically interact with the 3'-untranslated region of amyloid protein precursor mRNA. J Biol Chem. 1995 Jul 21;270(29):17292–17298. doi: 10.1074/jbc.270.29.17292. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]