Skip to main content
Nucleic Acids Research logoLink to Nucleic Acids Research
. 1997 Nov 1;25(21):4385–4388. doi: 10.1093/nar/25.21.4385

Escherichia coli OxyR modulation of bacteriophage Mu mom expression in dam+ cells can be attributed to its ability to bind hemimethylated Pmom promoter DNA.

S Hattman 1, W Sun 1
PMCID: PMC147061  PMID: 9336472

Abstract

Transcription of the bacteriophage Mu mom operon is strongly repressed by the host OxyR protein in dam - but not dam + cells. In this work we show that the extent of mom modification is sensitive to the relative levels of the Dam and OxyR proteins and OxyR appears to modulate the level of mom expression even in dam + cells. In vitro studies demonstrated that OxyR is capable of binding hemimethylated P mom , although its affinity is reduced slightly compared with unmethylated DNA. Thus, OxyR modulation of mom expression in dam + cells can be attributed to its ability to bind hemimethylated P mom DNA, the product of DNA replication.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (212.2 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Balke V., Nagaraja V., Gindlesperger T., Hattman S. Functionally distinct RNA polymerase binding sites in the phage Mu mom promoter region. Nucleic Acids Res. 1992 Jun 11;20(11):2777–2784. doi: 10.1093/nar/20.11.2777. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bölker M., Kahmann R. The Escherichia coli regulatory protein OxyR discriminates between methylated and unmethylated states of the phage Mu mom promoter. EMBO J. 1989 Aug;8(8):2403–2410. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb08370.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bölker M., Wulczyn F. G., Kahmann R. Role of bacteriophage Mu C protein in activation of the mom gene promoter. J Bacteriol. 1989 Apr;171(4):2019–2027. doi: 10.1128/jb.171.4.2019-2027.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Gindlesperger T. L., Hattman S. In vitro transcriptional activation of the phage Mu mom promoter by C protein. J Bacteriol. 1994 May;176(10):2885–2891. doi: 10.1128/jb.176.10.2885-2891.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Hattman S., Brooks J. E., Masurekar M. Sequence specificity of the P1 modification methylase (M.Eco P1) and the DNA methylase (M.Eco dam) controlled by the Escherichia coli dam gene. J Mol Biol. 1978 Dec 15;126(3):367–380. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(78)90046-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Hattman S. DNA methyltransferase-dependent transcription of the phage Mu mom gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Sep;79(18):5518–5521. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.18.5518. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Hattman S., Goradia M., Monaghan C., Bukhari A. I. Regulation of the DNA-modification function of bacteriophage Mu. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1983;47(Pt 2):647–653. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1983.047.01.076. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Hattman S., Ives J., Margolin W., Howe M. M. Regulation and expression of the bacteriophage mu mom gene: mapping of the transactivation (dad) function to the C region. Gene. 1985;39(1):71–76. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(85)90109-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Hattman S., Ives J. S1 nuclease mapping of the phage Mu mom gene promoter: a model for the regulation of mom expression. Gene. 1984 Jul-Aug;29(1-2):185–198. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(84)90179-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Hattman S. Partial purification of the Escherichia coli K-12 mec+ deoxyribonucleic acid-cytosine methylase: in vitro methylation completely protects bacteriophage lambda deoxyribonucleic acid against cleavage by R-EcoRII. J Bacteriol. 1977 Mar;129(3):1330–1334. doi: 10.1128/jb.129.3.1330-1334.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Hattman S. Unusual modification of bacteriophage Mu DNA. J Virol. 1979 Nov;32(2):468–475. doi: 10.1128/jvi.32.2.468-475.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Kahmann R. Methylation regulates the expression of a DNA-modification function encoded by bacteriophage Mu. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1983;47(Pt 2):639–646. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1983.047.01.075. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Kahmann R. The mom gene of bacteriophage Mu. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1984;108:29–47. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-69370-0_4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Kullik I., Stevens J., Toledano M. B., Storz G. Mutational analysis of the redox-sensitive transcriptional regulator OxyR: regions important for DNA binding and multimerization. J Bacteriol. 1995 Mar;177(5):1285–1291. doi: 10.1128/jb.177.5.1285-1291.1995. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Lacks S., Greenberg B. Complementary specificity of restriction endonucleases of Diplococcus pneumoniae with respect to DNA methylation. J Mol Biol. 1977 Jul;114(1):153–168. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(77)90289-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Margolin W., Howe M. M. Localization and DNA sequence analysis of the C gene of bacteriophage Mu, the positive regulator of Mu late transcription. Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 Jun 25;14(12):4881–4897. doi: 10.1093/nar/14.12.4881. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Marinus M. G., Morris N. R. Isolation of deoxyribonucleic acid methylase mutants of Escherichia coli K-12. J Bacteriol. 1973 Jun;114(3):1143–1150. doi: 10.1128/jb.114.3.1143-1150.1973. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Plasterk R. H., Vrieling H., Van de Putte P. Transcription initiation of Mu mom depends on methylation of the promoter region and a phage-coded transactivator. Nature. 1983 Jan 27;301(5898):344–347. doi: 10.1038/301344a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Seiler A., Blöcker H., Frank R., Kahmann R. The mom gene of bacteriophage Mu: the mechanism of methylation-dependent expression. EMBO J. 1986 Oct;5(10):2719–2728. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04556.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Storz G., Tartaglia L. A., Ames B. N. Transcriptional regulator of oxidative stress-inducible genes: direct activation by oxidation. Science. 1990 Apr 13;248(4952):189–194. doi: 10.1126/science.2183352. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Sun W., Hattman S. Escherichia coli OxyR protein represses the unmethylated bacteriophage Mu mom operon without blocking binding of the transcriptional activator C. Nucleic Acids Res. 1996 Oct 15;24(20):4042–4049. doi: 10.1093/nar/24.20.4042. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Swinton D., Hattman S., Crain P. F., Cheng C. S., Smith D. L., McCloskey J. A. Purification and characterization of the unusual deoxynucleoside, alpha-N-(9-beta-D-2'-deoxyribofuranosylpurin-6-yl)glycinamide, specified by the phage Mu modification function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Dec;80(24):7400–7404. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.24.7400. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Toledano M. B., Kullik I., Trinh F., Baird P. T., Schneider T. D., Storz G. Redox-dependent shift of OxyR-DNA contacts along an extended DNA-binding site: a mechanism for differential promoter selection. Cell. 1994 Sep 9;78(5):897–909. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(94)90702-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Toussaint A. DNA modification of bacteriophage Mu-1 requires both host and bacteriophage functions. J Virol. 1977 Sep;23(3):825–826. doi: 10.1128/jvi.23.3.825-826.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Toussaint A. The DNA modification function of temperate phage Mu-1. Virology. 1976 Mar;70(1):17–27. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(76)90232-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Nucleic Acids Research are provided here courtesy of Oxford University Press

RESOURCES