Abstract
Female SENCAR mice were treated with aqueous solutions of hypochlorous acid (HOCl), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), chlorine dioxide (ClO2), and monochloramine (NH2Cl) by whole body exposure (except head) for a 10-min period for 4 days in the first experiment and for 1 day (except NH2Cl) in the second experiment. Animals were sacrificed the day following the last treatment (experiment 1) or on day 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, and 12 following treatment (experiment 2), and skin thickness was measured by light microscopy at X400 by use of an eyepiece micrometer. Concentrations of disinfectants were 1, 10, 100, 300, and 1000 mg/L, for experiment 1 and 1000 mg/L for experiment 2. Thickness of the interfollicular epidermis (IFE) for control animals was 15.4 +/- 1.5 micron. After 4 days of treatment at 1000 mg/L, HOCl and ClO2 increased thickness to 39 +/- 7.0 and 40.2 +/- 11.8, and NaOCl increased thickness to 25.2 +/- 6.1 micron. Only HOCl and ClO2 were tested at 300 mg/L, yielding an IFE thickness of 30.0 +/- 13.1 and 16.8 +/- 0.8 micron, respectively. The response to HOCl was found to be dose-related; the minimally effective dose was 100 mg/L. In earlier, preliminary tests to determine optimum treatment schedule, the response to HOCl appeared to be maximal after 4 days of treatment and tended to decrease with further treatment. The time-course study following a single treatment of 1000 mg/L HOCl, however, showed a progression of IFE thickening of from 18.3 +/- 1.4 at 1 day to 30.8 +/- 8.0 at 8 days, decreasing to 19.1 +/- 6.2 micron at 12 days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Full text
PDF
Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Hayatsu H., Hoshino H., Kawazoe Y. Potential cocarcinogenicity of sodium hypochlorite. Nature. 1971 Oct 15;233(5320):495–495. doi: 10.1038/233495a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kurokawa Y., Takamura N., Matsushima Y., Imazawa T., Hayashi Y. Studies on the promoting and complete carcinogenic activities of some oxidizing chemicals in skin carcinogenesis. Cancer Lett. 1984 Oct;24(3):299–304. doi: 10.1016/0304-3835(84)90026-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pfeiffer E. H. Uber die Schadwirkung der Wasserchlorung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Frage der Kokanzerogenität von Chlor II. Mitteilung: Zur Frage der Kokanzerogenität von Chlor. Zentralbl Bakteriol Orig B. 1978 Mar;166(2-3):185–211. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Raick A. N. Ultrastructural, histological, and biochemical alterations produced by 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate on mouse epidermis and their relevance to skin tumor promotion. Cancer Res. 1973 Feb;33(2):269–286. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Slaga T. J., Scribner J. D., Viaje A. Epidermal cell proliferation and promoting ability of phorbol esters. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1976 Nov;57(5):1145–1149. doi: 10.1093/jnci/57.5.1145. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]