Skip to main content
NCBI home page
The Canadian Veterinary Journal logoLink to The Canadian Veterinary Journal
. 2001 Feb;42(2):107–115.

Evaluation des équilibres potassiques chez la vache laitière et étude de ses variations journalières et selon le stade de production.

Determination of the potassium balances in diary cows and the examination of daily and lactation period-associated variations.

N Sattler 1, G Fecteau 1, Y Couture 1, A Tremblay 1
PMCID: PMC1476482  PMID: 11272453

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to evaluate a method of determining the internal and external potassium balances in dairy cows and to determine daily and lactation period-associated variations of these balances. Ingested potassium, milk potassium concentration (LK) and potassium urinary fractional clearance (FeK) defined the potassium external balance. Serum (SK) and red blood cell (CIEK) potassium concentrations defined the potassium internal balance. Whole blood, urine, and milk were collected at different times of the day from 19 cows, grouped in 5 lactation periods. Significant differences were observed for LK between lactation periods. Significant variations occurred during the day for CIEK, LK, and FeK. Thus, in order to monitor potassium balances during a time period, samples should be collected at the same time each day. This method of determining both potassium balances simultaneously could be useful in the study of the bovine hypokalemia syndrome.

Full text

PDF
107

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bannink A., Valk H., Van Vuuren A. M. Intake and excretion of sodium, potassium, and nitrogen and the effects on urine production by lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 1999 May;82(5):1008–1018. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(99)75321-X. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Brobst D. Review of the pathophysiology of alterations in potassium homeostasis. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1986 May 1;188(9):1019–1025. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Carlmark B., Bergström J., Ericsson F., Hultman E., Reizenstein P. Intracellular potassium in man. A comparison of in vivo and in vitro measurement techniques. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1982 May;42(3):245–251. doi: 10.1080/00365518209168081. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Christinaz P., Schatzmann H. J. High potassium and low potassium erythrocytes in cattle. J Physiol. 1972 Jul;224(2):391–406. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1972.sp009901. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Cragle R. G. Dynamics of mineral elements in the digestive tract of ruminants. Fed Proc. 1973 Aug;32(8):1910–1914. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Dennis R. J., Hemken R. W. Potassium requirement of dairy cows in early and midlactation. J Dairy Sci. 1978 Jun;61(6):757–761. doi: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(78)83644-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Dow S. W., Fettman M. J., LeCouteur R. A., Hamar D. W. Potassium depletion in cats: renal and dietary influences. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1987 Dec 15;191(12):1569–1575. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Ericsson F., Carlmark B., Eliasson K. Erythrocyte and total body potassium in untreated primary hypertension. Acta Med Scand. 1981;209(6):439–444. doi: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1981.tb11626.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Ericsson F., Carlmark B., Jogestrand T., Sundqvist K. Effect of digoxin upon intracellular potassium in man. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1981 Sep;41(5):457–463. doi: 10.3109/00365518109090483. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Ericsson F., Carlmark B. Potassium in whole body, skeletal muscle and erythrocytes in chronic renal failure. Nephron. 1983;33(3):173–178. doi: 10.1159/000182937. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Fenwick D. C. Erythrocyte potassium concentrations in cows with milk fever. Aust Vet J. 1983 Oct;60(10):313–314. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1983.tb02822.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Fleming S. A., Hunt E. L., Brownie C., Rakes A., McDaniel B. Fractional excretion of electrolytes in lactating dairy cows. Am J Vet Res. 1992 Feb;53(2):222–224. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Gennari F. J. Hypokalemia. N Engl J Med. 1998 Aug 13;339(7):451–458. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199808133390707. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Halperin M. L., Kamel K. S. Potassium. Lancet. 1998 Jul 11;352(9122):135–140. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)85044-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Ibsen H. Red blood cell potassium as a measure of body potassium in thiazide-treated patients with essential hypertension. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1974 Oct;34(2):161–165. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Itoh N. Fractional electrolyte excretion in adult cows: establishment of reference ranges and evaluation of seasonal variation. Vet Clin Pathol. 1998;18(4):86–87. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.1989.tb00524.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Johnson P. J., Goetz T. E., Foreman J. H., Vogel R. S., Hoffmann W. E., Baker G. J. Effect of whole-body potassium depletion on plasma, erythrocyte, and middle gluteal muscle potassium concentration of healthy, adult horses. Am J Vet Res. 1991 Oct;52(10):1676–1683. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. KEITEL H. G. Comparison of the change in the red cell potassium content with the total body balance of potassium during potassium therapy. J Lab Clin Med. 1957 Feb;49(2):267–275. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Kamel K. S., Quaggin S., Scheich A., Halperin M. L. Disorders of potassium homeostasis: an approach based on pathophysiology. Am J Kidney Dis. 1994 Oct;24(4):597–613. doi: 10.1016/s0272-6386(12)80220-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Khorasani G. R., Janzen R. A., McGill W. B., Kennelly J. J. Site and extent of mineral absorption in lactating cows fed whole-crop cereal grain silage of alfalfa silage. J Anim Sci. 1997 Jan;75(1):239–248. doi: 10.2527/1997.751239x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Linzell J. L., Peaker M. Intracellular concentrations of sodium, potassium and chloride in the lactating mammary gland and their relation to the secretory mechanism. J Physiol. 1971 Aug;216(3):683–700. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1971.sp009547. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Littell R. C., Henry P. R., Ammerman C. B. Statistical analysis of repeated measures data using SAS procedures. J Anim Sci. 1998 Apr;76(4):1216–1231. doi: 10.2527/1998.7641216x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Mallonée P. G., Beede D. K., Collier R. J., Wilcox C. J. Production and physiological responses of dairy cows to varying dietary potassium during heat stress. J Dairy Sci. 1985 Jun;68(6):1479–1487. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(85)80986-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Miller W. J. New concepts and developments in metabolism and homeostasis of inorganic elements in dairy cattle. A review. J Dairy Sci. 1975 Oct;58(10):1549–1560. doi: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(75)84751-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Mulei C. M., Daniel R. C. The effects of age on the erythrocyte sodium and potassium concentrations of dairy cows during late pregnancy and early lactation. Vet Res Commun. 1990;14(1):63–70. doi: 10.1007/BF00346386. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Muylle E., Nuytten J., Van den Hende C., Deprez P., Vlaminck D. K., Oyaert W. Determination of red blood cell potassium content in horses with diarrhoea: a practical approach for therapy. Equine Vet J. 1984 Sep;16(5):450–452. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1984.tb01976.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Muylle E., Van den Hende C., Nuytten J., Deprez P., Vlaminck K., Oyaert W. Potassium concentration in equine red blood cells: normal values and correlation with potassium levels in plasma. Equine Vet J. 1984 Sep;16(5):447–449. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1984.tb01974.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Patrick J. Assessment of body potassium stores. Kidney Int. 1977 Jun;11(6):476–490. doi: 10.1038/ki.1977.65. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Patrick J., Bradford B. A comparison of leucocyte potassium content with other measurements in potassium-depleted rabbits. Clin Sci. 1972 Apr;42(4):415–421. doi: 10.1042/cs0420415. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Patrick J., Jones N. F., Bradford B., Gaunt J. Leucocyte potassium in uraemia: comparisons with erythrocyte potassium and total exchangeable potassium. Clin Sci. 1972 Nov;43(5):669–678. doi: 10.1042/cs0430669. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Rasmusen B. A., Tucker E. M., Ellory J. C., Spooner R. L. The relationship between S system of blood groups and potassium levels in red blood cells of cattle. Anim Blood Groups Biochem Genet. 1974;5(2):95–104. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1974.tb01317.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Rettori V., Gral T., Massry S. G., Villamil M. F. Exchangeable potassium content and distribution in normal subjects and uraemic patients on chronic haemodialysis. Clin Sci. 1972 Jun;42(6):673–684. doi: 10.1042/cs0420673. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Safwate A., Davicco M. J., Barlet J. P., Delost P. Sodium and potassium in blood and milk and plasma aldosterone levels in high-yield dairy cows. Reprod Nutr Dev. 1981;21(4):601–610. doi: 10.1051/rnd:19810412. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Sasser L. B., Ward G. M., Johnson J. E. Variations in potassium concentration of cow's milk. J Dairy Sci. 1966 Jul;49(7):893–894. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(66)87965-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Sattler N., Fecteau G., Girard C., Couture Y. Description of 14 cases of bovine hypokalaemia syndrome. Vet Rec. 1998 Oct 31;143(18):503–507. doi: 10.1136/vr.143.18.503. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Shalit U., Maltz E., Silanikove N., Berman A. Water, sodium, potassium, and chlorine metabolism of dairy cows at the onset of lactation in hot weather. J Dairy Sci. 1991 Jun;74(6):1874–1883. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78353-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Sielman E. S., Sweeney R. W., Whitlock R. H., Reams R. Y. Hypokalemia syndrome in dairy cows: 10 cases (1992-1996) J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1997 Jan 15;210(2):240–243. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Silanikove N., Maltz E., Halevi A., Shinder D. Metabolism of water, sodium, potassium, and chlorine by high yielding dairy cows at the onset of lactation. J Dairy Sci. 1997 May;80(5):949–956. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(97)76019-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Silanikove N., Maltz E., Shinder D., Bogin E., Bastholm T., Christensen N. J., Norggarrd P. Metabolic and productive responses of dairy cows to increased ion supplementation at early lactation in warm weather. J Dairy Res. 1998 Nov;65(4):529–543. doi: 10.1017/s0022029998003185. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. West J. W., Mullinix B. G., Sandifer T. G. Changing dietary electrolyte balance for dairy cows in cool and hot environments. J Dairy Sci. 1991 May;74(5):1662–1674. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78329-X. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The Canadian Veterinary Journal are provided here courtesy of Canadian Veterinary Medical Association

RESOURCES