Skip to main content
NCBI home page
American Journal of Public Health logoLink to American Journal of Public Health
. 1998 Apr;88(4):603–609. doi: 10.2105/ajph.88.4.603

Changing fruit and vegetable consumption among children: the 5-a-Day Power Plus program in St. Paul, Minnesota.

C L Perry 1, D B Bishop 1, G Taylor 1, D M Murray 1, R W Mays 1, B S Dudovitz 1, M Smyth 1, M Story 1
PMCID: PMC1508423  PMID: 9551002

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: A randomized school based trial sought to increase fruit and vegetable consumption among children using a multicomponent approach. METHODS: The intervention, conducted in 20 elementary schools in St. Paul, targeted a multiethnic group of children who were in the fourth grade in spring 1995 and the fifth grade in fall 1995. The intervention consisted of behavioral curricula in classrooms, parental involvement, school food service changes, and industry support and involvement. Lunchroom observations and 24-hour food recalls measured food consumption. Parent telephone surveys and a health behavior questionnaire measured psychosocial factors. RESULTS: The intervention increased lunchtime fruit consumption and combined fruit and vegetable consumption, lunchtime vegetable consumption among girls, and daily fruit consumption as well as the proportion of total daily calories attributable to fruits and vegetables. CONCLUSIONS: Multicomponent school-based programs can increase fruit and vegetable consumption among children. Greater involvement of parents and more attention to increasing vegetable consumption, especially among boys, remain challenges in future intervention research.

Full text

PDF
603

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Basch C. E., Zybert P., Shea S. 5-A-DAY: dietary behavior and the fruit and vegetable intake of Latino children. Am J Public Health. 1994 May;84(5):814–818. doi: 10.2105/ajph.84.5.814. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Block G., Patterson B., Subar A. Fruit, vegetables, and cancer prevention: a review of the epidemiological evidence. Nutr Cancer. 1992;18(1):1–29. doi: 10.1080/01635589209514201. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Injuries associated with use of snowmobiles--New Hampshire, 1989-1992. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1995 Jan 13;44(1):1–3. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Feskanich D., Buzzard I. M., Welch B. T., Asp E. H., Dieleman L. S., Chong K. R., Bartsch G. E. Comparison of a computerized and a manual method of food coding for nutrient intake studies. J Am Diet Assoc. 1988 Oct;88(10):1263–1267. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Freeman H. P. Cancer in the socioeconomically disadvantaged. CA Cancer J Clin. 1989 Sep-Oct;39(5):266–288. doi: 10.3322/canjclin.39.5.266. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Havas S., Heimendinger J., Reynolds K., Baranowski T., Nicklas T. A., Bishop D., Buller D., Sorensen G., Beresford S. A., Cowan A. 5 a day for better health: a new research initiative. J Am Diet Assoc. 1994 Jan;94(1):32–36. doi: 10.1016/0002-8223(94)92037-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Kelder S. H., Perry C. L., Klepp K. I., Lytle L. L. Longitudinal tracking of adolescent smoking, physical activity, and food choice behaviors. Am J Public Health. 1994 Jul;84(7):1121–1126. doi: 10.2105/ajph.84.7.1121. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Krebs-Smith S. M., Cook A., Subar A. F., Cleveland L., Friday J., Kahle L. L. Fruit and vegetable intakes of children and adolescents in the United States. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1996 Jan;150(1):81–86. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1996.02170260085014. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Krebs-Smith S. M., Cook A., Subar A. F., Cleveland L., Friday J. US adults' fruit and vegetable intakes, 1989 to 1991: a revised baseline for the Healthy People 2000 objective. Am J Public Health. 1995 Dec;85(12):1623–1629. doi: 10.2105/ajph.85.12.1623. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Luepker R. V., Perry C. L., McKinlay S. M., Nader P. R., Parcel G. S., Stone E. J., Webber L. S., Elder J. P., Feldman H. A., Johnson C. C. Outcomes of a field trial to improve children's dietary patterns and physical activity. The Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health. CATCH collaborative group. JAMA. 1996 Mar 13;275(10):768–776. doi: 10.1001/jama.1996.03530340032026. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Lytle L. A., Nichaman M. Z., Obarzanek E., Glovsky E., Montgomery D., Nicklas T., Zive M., Feldman H. Validation of 24-hour recalls assisted by food records in third-grade children. The CATCH Collaborative Group. J Am Diet Assoc. 1993 Dec;93(12):1431–1436. doi: 10.1016/0002-8223(93)92247-u. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Murray D. M., Hannan P. J., Baker W. L. A Monte Carlo study of alternative responses to intraclass correlation in community trials. Is it ever possible to avoid Cornfield's penalties? Eval Rev. 1996 Jun;20(3):313–337. doi: 10.1177/0193841X9602000305. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Murray D. M., Hannan P. J. Planning for the appropriate analysis in school-based drug-use prevention studies. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1990 Aug;58(4):458–468. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.58.4.458. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Nader P. R., Sellers D. E., Johnson C. C., Perry C. L., Stone E. J., Cook K. C., Bebchuk J., Luepker R. V. The effect of adult participation in a school-based family intervention to improve Children's diet and physical activity: the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health. Prev Med. 1996 Jul-Aug;25(4):455–464. doi: 10.1006/pmed.1996.0077. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Neumark-Sztainer D., Story M., French S. A. Covariations of unhealthy weight loss behaviors and other high-risk behaviors among adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1996 Mar;150(3):304–308. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1996.02170280074014. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Neumark-Sztainer D., Story M., Resnick M. D., Blum R. W. Correlates of inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption among adolescents. Prev Med. 1996 Sep-Oct;25(5):497–505. doi: 10.1006/pmed.1996.0082. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Nicklas T. A., Dwyer J., Mitchell P., Zive M., Montgomery D., Lytle L., Cutler J., Evans M., Cunningham A., Bachman K. Impact of fat reduction on micronutrient density of children's diets: the CATCH Study. Prev Med. 1996 Jul-Aug;25(4):478–485. doi: 10.1006/pmed.1996.0079. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Perry C. L., Jessor R. The concept of health promotion and the prevention of adolescent drug abuse. Health Educ Q. 1985 Summer;12(2):169–184. doi: 10.1177/109019818501200204. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Smith S. A., Campbell D. R., Elmer P. J., Martini M. C., Slavin J. L., Potter J. D. The University of Minnesota Cancer Prevention Research Unit vegetable and fruit classification scheme (United States). Cancer Causes Control. 1995 Jul;6(4):292–302. doi: 10.1007/BF00051404. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Steinmetz K. A., Potter J. D. Vegetables, fruit, and cancer prevention: a review. J Am Diet Assoc. 1996 Oct;96(10):1027–1039. doi: 10.1016/S0002-8223(96)00273-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Steinmetz K. A., Potter J. D. Vegetables, fruit, and cancer. I. Epidemiology. Cancer Causes Control. 1991 Sep;2(5):325–357. doi: 10.1007/BF00051672. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Steinmetz K. A., Potter J. D. Vegetables, fruit, and cancer. II. Mechanisms. Cancer Causes Control. 1991 Nov;2(6):427–442. doi: 10.1007/BF00054304. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Winkleby M. A., Jatulis D. E., Frank E., Fortmann S. P. Socioeconomic status and health: how education, income, and occupation contribute to risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Am J Public Health. 1992 Jun;82(6):816–820. doi: 10.2105/ajph.82.6.816. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from American Journal of Public Health are provided here courtesy of American Public Health Association

RESOURCES