Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Archives of Disease in Childhood logoLink to Archives of Disease in Childhood
. 1995 Jan;72(1):64–69. doi: 10.1136/adc.72.1.64

Tryptase and IgE concentrations in the respiratory tract of infants with acute bronchiolitis.

M L Everard 1, G Fox 1, A F Walls 1, D Quint 1, R Fifield 1, C Walters 1, A Swarbrick 1, A D Milner 1
PMCID: PMC1510967  PMID: 7717746

Abstract

It has been proposed that a specific IgE response contributes to the immunopathology of acute respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis but previous work has been difficult to replicate. Indirect evidence that might support this contention was sought by measuring total IgE concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples obtained from intubated infants and by attempting to detect mRNA for IgE in cells obtained from both the upper and lower respiratory tract. Evidence of significant mast cell activation was sought by measuring tryptase concentrations in BAL fluid and serum. Detectable concentrations of IgE were found in two of seven BAL samples obtained more than five days after intubation and mRNA for IgE was demonstrated in three of six BAL samples and three of six samples obtained from the upper respiratory tract. Tryptase was detectable in 11 of 12 BAL samples with the two highest values detected on day 1. These values were raised compared with control samples but were not such to suggest that mast cell degranulation is the major contributor to the inflammatory process. These results suggest that IgE may be produced in the airways of infants in response to RSV infection. The relationships between IgE production, RSV infection, and symptoms of acute bronchiolitis remain obscure.

Full text

PDF
64

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Belshe R. B., Van Voris L. P., Mufson M. A. Parenteral administration of live respiratory syncytial virus vaccine: results of a field trial. J Infect Dis. 1982 Mar;145(3):311–319. doi: 10.1093/infdis/145.3.311. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Brandt C. D., Kim H. W., Arrobio J. O., Jeffries B. C., Wood S. C., Chanock R. M., Parrott R. H. Epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus infection in Washington, D.C. 3. Composite analysis of eleven consecutive yearly epidemics. Am J Epidemiol. 1973 Nov;98(5):355–364. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a121565. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bui R. H., Molinaro G. A., Kettering J. D., Heiner D. C., Imagawa D. T., St Geme J. W., Jr Virus-specific IgE and IgG4 antibodies in serum of children infected with respiratory syncytial virus. J Pediatr. 1987 Jan;110(1):87–90. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(87)80295-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Carlsen K. H., Larsen S., Bjerve O., Leegaard J. Acute bronchiolitis: predisposing factors and characterization of infants at risk. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1987 May-Jun;3(3):153–160. doi: 10.1002/ppul.1950030308. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Deuschl H., Johansson S. G. Immunoglobulins in tracheo-bronchial secretion with special reference to IgE. Clin Exp Immunol. 1974 Mar;16(3):401–412. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Devalia J. L., Campbell A. M., Sapsford R. J., Rusznak C., Quint D., Godard P., Bousquet J., Davies R. J. Effect of nitrogen dioxide on synthesis of inflammatory cytokines expressed by human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1993 Sep;9(3):271–278. doi: 10.1165/ajrcmb/9.3.271. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Diaz P., Gonzalez M. C., Galleguillos F. R., Ancic P., Cromwell O., Shepherd D., Durham S. R., Gleich G. J., Kay A. B. Leukocytes and mediators in bronchoalveolar lavage during allergen-induced late-phase asthmatic reactions. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1989 Jun;139(6):1383–1389. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm/139.6.1383. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Everard M. L., Milner A. D. The respiratory syncitial virus and its role in acute bronchiolitis. Eur J Pediatr. 1992 Sep;151(9):638–651. doi: 10.1007/BF01957564. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Everard M. L., Swarbrick A., Wrightham M., McIntyre J., Dunkley C., James P. D., Sewell H. F., Milner A. D. Analysis of cells obtained by bronchial lavage of infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection. Arch Dis Child. 1994 Nov;71(5):428–432. doi: 10.1136/adc.71.5.428. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Ferguson A. C., Whitelaw M., Brown H. Correlation of bronchial eosinophil and mast cell activation with bronchial hyperresponsiveness in children with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1992 Oct;90(4 Pt 1):609–613. doi: 10.1016/0091-6749(92)90133-m. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Gardner P. S., McQuillin J., Court S. D. Speculation on pathogenesis in death from respiratory syncytial virus infection. Br Med J. 1970 Feb 7;1(5692):327–330. doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.5692.327. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Gough N. M. Rapid and quantitative preparation of cytoplasmic RNA from small numbers of cells. Anal Biochem. 1988 Aug 15;173(1):93–95. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(88)90164-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Grigg J., Arnon S., Silverman M. Fractional processing of sequential bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from intubated babies. Eur Respir J. 1992 Jun;5(6):727–732. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Isaacs D. Production of interferon in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. Arch Dis Child. 1989 Jan;64(1):92–95. doi: 10.1136/adc.64.1.92. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Kim H. W., Arrobio J. O., Brandt C. D., Jeffries B. C., Pyles G., Reid J. L., Chanock R. M., Parrott R. H. Epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus infection in Washington, D.C. I. Importance of the virus in different respiratory tract disease syndromes and temporal distribution of infection. Am J Epidemiol. 1973 Sep;98(3):216–225. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a121550. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Kim H. W., Canchola J. G., Brandt C. D., Pyles G., Chanock R. M., Jensen K., Parrott R. H. Respiratory syncytial virus disease in infants despite prior administration of antigenic inactivated vaccine. Am J Epidemiol. 1969 Apr;89(4):422–434. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120955. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Martin A. J., Gardner P. S., McQuillin J. Epidemiology of respiratory viral infection among paediatric inpatients over a six-year period in north-east England. Lancet. 1978 Nov 11;2(8098):1035–1038. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(78)92351-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. McIntosh K. Interferon in nasal secretions from infants with viral respiratory tract infections. J Pediatr. 1978 Jul;93(1):33–36. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(78)80595-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Merrill W. W., Naegel G. P., Olchowski J. J., Reynolds H. Y. Immunoglobulin G subclass proteins in serum and lavage fluid of normal subjects. Quantitation and comparison with immunoglobulins A and E. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1985 Apr;131(4):584–587. doi: 10.1164/arrd.1985.131.4.584. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Pullan C. R., Hey E. N. Wheezing, asthma, and pulmonary dysfunction 10 years after infection with respiratory syncytial virus in infancy. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1982 Jun 5;284(6330):1665–1669. doi: 10.1136/bmj.284.6330.1665. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Pène J., Rousset F., Brière F., Chrétien I., Bonnefoy J. Y., Spits H., Yokota T., Arai N., Arai K., Banchereau J. IgE production by normal human lymphocytes is induced by interleukin 4 and suppressed by interferons gamma and alpha and prostaglandin E2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Sep;85(18):6880–6884. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.18.6880. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Sanchez-Legrand F., Smith T. F. Interaction of paramyxoviruses with human basophils and their effect on histamine release. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1989 Oct;84(4 Pt 1):538–546. doi: 10.1016/0091-6749(89)90368-0. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Schwartz L. B. Cellular inflammation in asthma: neutral proteases of mast cells. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1992 Feb;145(2 Pt 2):S18–S21. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm/145.2_Pt_2.S18. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Sims D. G., Gardner P. S., Weightman D., Turner M. W., Soothill J. F. Atopy does not predispose to RSV bronchiolitis or postbronchiolitic wheezing. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1981 Jun 27;282(6282):2086–2088. doi: 10.1136/bmj.282.6282.2086. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Toms G. L., Scott R. Respiratory syncytial virus and the infant immune response. Arch Dis Child. 1987 Jun;62(6):544–546. doi: 10.1136/adc.62.6.544. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Walls A. F., Bennett A. R., McBride H. M., Glennie M. J., Holgate S. T., Church M. K. Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific for human mast cell tryptase. Clin Exp Allergy. 1990 Sep;20(5):581–589. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.1990.tb03153.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Welliver R. C., Kaul T. N., Ogra P. L. The appearance of cell-bound IgE in respiratory-tract epithelium after respiratory-syncytial-virus infection. N Engl J Med. 1980 Nov 20;303(21):1198–1202. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198011203032103. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Welliver R. C., Sun M., Hildreth S. W., Arumugham R., Ogra P. L. Respiratory syncytial virus-specific antibody responses in immunoglobulin A and E isotypes to the F and G proteins and to intact virus after natural infection. J Clin Microbiol. 1989 Feb;27(2):295–299. doi: 10.1128/jcm.27.2.295-299.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Welliver R. C., Sun M., Rinaldo D., Ogra P. L. Predictive value of respiratory syncytial virus-specific IgE responses for recurrent wheezing following bronchiolitis. J Pediatr. 1986 Nov;109(5):776–780. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(86)80692-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Welliver R. C., Sun M., Rinaldo D., Ogra P. L. Respiratory syncytial virus-specific IgE responses following infection: evidence for a predominantly mucosal response. Pediatr Res. 1985 May;19(5):420–424. doi: 10.1203/00006450-198505000-00002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Welliver R. C., Wong D. T., Sun M., Middleton E., Jr, Vaughan R. S., Ogra P. L. The development of respiratory syncytial virus-specific IgE and the release of histamine in nasopharyngeal secretions after infection. N Engl J Med. 1981 Oct 8;305(15):841–846. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198110083051501. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Wenzel S. E., Fowler A. A., 3rd, Schwartz L. B. Activation of pulmonary mast cells by bronchoalveolar allergen challenge. In vivo release of histamine and tryptase in atopic subjects with and without asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1988 May;137(5):1002–1008. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm/137.5.1002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Archives of Disease in Childhood are provided here courtesy of BMJ Publishing Group

RESOURCES