Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Environmental Health Perspectives logoLink to Environmental Health Perspectives
. 1995 Oct;103(Suppl 7):79–82. doi: 10.1289/ehp.95103s779

Effects of sex hormones on oncogene expression in the vagina and on development of sexual dimorphism of the pelvis and anococcygeus muscle in the mouse.

T Iguchi 1, Y Fukazawa 1, H A Bern 1
PMCID: PMC1518869  PMID: 8593880

Abstract

Neonatal treatment of female mice with diethystilbestrol (DES) is known to induce ovary-independent persistent proliferation and cornification of vaginal epithelium. This irreversibly changed vaginal epithelium persistently expressed higher levels of c-jun and c-fos mRNAs, which was not altered by postpubertal estrogen. Sexual dimorphism was encountered in mouse pelvis and anococcygeus muscle. Postpubertal estrogen changed the shape of the pelvis to the female type and postpubertal androgen changed it to the male type. Neonatal exposure to DES and to the antiestrogen tamoxifen altered the developmental pattern of the pelvis, which contained lower concentrations of calcium and phosphorus than controls. The size of anococcygeus muscle was increased by postpubertal androgen but decreased by postpubertal estrogen. However, neonatal estrogen (DES) exposure permanently enlarged the anococcygeus muscle. Thus, neonatal treatment of mice with estrogen and antiestrogen results in irreversible changes in nonreproductive as well as reproductive structures.

Full text

PDF
79

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Arai Y., Mori T., Suzuki Y., Bern H. A. Long-term effects of perinatal exposure to sex steroids and diethylstilbestrol on the reproductive system of male mammals. Int Rev Cytol. 1983;84:235–268. doi: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61019-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. DUNN T. B., GREEN A. W. CYSTS OF THE EPIDIDYMIS, CANCER OF THE CERVIX, GRANULAR CELL MYOBLASTOMA, AND OTHER LESIONS AFTER ESTROGEN INJECTION IN NEWBORN MICE. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1963 Aug;31:425–455. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Forsberg J. G. Developmental mechanism of estrogen-induced irreversible changes in the mouse cervicovaginal epithelium. Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 1979 May;(51):41–56. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Galand P., Leroy F., Chrétien J. Effect of oestradiol on cell proliferation and histological changes in the uterus and vagina of mice. J Endocrinol. 1971 Feb;49(2):243–252. doi: 10.1677/joe.0.0490243. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Gibson A., Bern H. A., Ginsburg M., Botting J. H. Neuropeptide-induced contraction and relaxation of the mouse anococcygeus muscle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jan;81(2):625–629. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.2.625. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Gibson A., Gillespie J. S. The effect of immunosympathectomy and of 6-hydroxydopamine on the responses of the rat anococcygeus to nerve stimulation and to some drugs. Br J Pharmacol. 1973 Feb;47(2):261–267. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1973.tb08323.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Guglielmone R., Vercelli A. The costo-uterine muscle of the rat. Fluorescence-histochemical and electron microscope studies during growth, pregnancy and oestrogen-treatment. Anat Embryol (Berl) 1991;184(4):337–343. doi: 10.1007/BF00957895. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Iguchi T. Cellular effects of early exposure to sex hormones and antihormones. Int Rev Cytol. 1992;139:1–57. doi: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61409-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Iguchi T., Hirokawa M., Takasugi N. Occurrence of genital tract abnormalities and bladder hernia in female mice exposed neonatally to tamoxifen. Toxicology. 1986 Dec 1;42(1):1–11. doi: 10.1016/0300-483x(86)90087-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Iguchi T., Irisawa S., Fukazawa Y., Uesugi Y., Takasugi N. Morphometric analysis of the development of sexual dimorphism of the mouse pelvis. Anat Rec. 1989 Aug;224(4):490–494. doi: 10.1002/ar.1092240406. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Iguchi T., Irisawa S., Uchima F. D., Takasugi N. Permanent chondrification in the pelvis and occurrence of hernias in mice treated neonatally with tamoxifen. Reprod Toxicol. 1988;2(2):127–134. doi: 10.1016/0890-6238(88)90008-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. McLachlan J. A., Newbold R. R., Bullock B. Reproductive tract lesions in male mice exposed prenatally to diethylstilbestrol. Science. 1975 Dec 5;190(4218):991–992. doi: 10.1126/science.242076. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Migliaccio S., Newbold R. R., Bullock B. C., McLachlan J. A., Korach K. S. Developmental exposure to estrogens induces persistent changes in skeletal tissue. Endocrinology. 1992 Mar;130(3):1756–1758. doi: 10.1210/endo.130.3.1537323. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Mori T., Nagasawa H., Bern H. A. Long-term effects of perinatal exposure to hormones on normal and neoplastic mammary growth in rodents: a review. J Environ Pathol Toxicol. 1979 Dec;3(1-2):191–205. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Scrocchi L. A., Jones L. A. Alteration of proto-oncogene c-fos expression in neonatal estrogenized BALB/c female mice & murine cervicovaginal tumor LJ6195. Endocrinology. 1991 Oct;129(4):2251–2253. doi: 10.1210/endo-129-4-2251. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Selmanoff M. K., Goldman B. D., Ginsburg B. E. Developmental changes in serum luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and androgen levels in males of two inbred mouse strains. Endocrinology. 1977 Jan;100(1):122–127. doi: 10.1210/endo-100-1-122. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. TAKASUGI N., BERN H. A., DEOME K. B. Persistent vaginal cornification in mice. Science. 1962 Oct 19;138(3538):438–439. doi: 10.1126/science.138.3538.438. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. TAKASUGI N., BERN H. A. TISSUE CHANGES IN MICE WITH PERSISTENT VAGINAL CORNIFICATION INDUCED BY EARLY POSTNATAL TREATMENT WITH ESTROGEN. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1964 Nov;33:855–865. doi: 10.1093/jnci/33.5.855. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. TAKASUGI N. Vaginal cornification in persistent-estrous mice. Endocrinology. 1963 Apr;72:607–619. doi: 10.1210/endo-72-4-607. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Takasugi N. Cytological basis for permanent vaginal changes in mice treated neonatally with steroid hormones. Int Rev Cytol. 1976;44:193–224. doi: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61650-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Tobin C., Joubert Y. Testosterone-induced development of the rat levator ani muscle. Dev Biol. 1991 Jul;146(1):131–138. doi: 10.1016/0012-1606(91)90453-a. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Uesugi Y., Ohta Y., Asashima M., Iguchi T. Comparative study of sexual dimorphism of the innominate bone in rodents and amphibians. Anat Rec. 1992 Nov;234(3):432–437. doi: 10.1002/ar.1092340312. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Uesugi Y., Sato T., Iguchi T. Morphometric analysis of the pelvis in mice treated neonatally with tamoxifen. Anat Rec. 1993 Jan;235(1):126–130. doi: 10.1002/ar.1092350113. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Uesugi Y., Taguchi O., Noumura T., Iguchi T. Effects of sex steroids on the development of sexual dimorphism in mouse innominate bone. Anat Rec. 1992 Dec;234(4):541–548. doi: 10.1002/ar.1092340409. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Yamamoto K. R. Steroid receptor regulated transcription of specific genes and gene networks. Annu Rev Genet. 1985;19:209–252. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ge.19.120185.001233. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Environmental Health Perspectives are provided here courtesy of National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences

RESOURCES