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. 1994 May;96(2):230–237. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1994.tb06547.x

Activation of macrophages and expansion of specific T lymphocytes in the lungs of mice intratracheally inoculated with Cryptococcus neoformans.

K Kawakami 1, S Kohno 1, N Morikawa 1, J Kadota 1, A Saito 1, K Hara 1
PMCID: PMC1534877  PMID: 7910533

Abstract

A quantitative and qualitative change in inflammatory cells in the lungs of mice after intratracheal inoculation of heat-killed Cryptococcus neoformans was examined by direct analysis of the pulmonary intraparenchymal leucocytes. Macrophages and T and B lymphocytes increased, peaked at day 7, and then gradually decreased to the basal level. Macrophages were activated 7 days after the inoculation, as indicated by the enhanced expression of MHC class II, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and Fc receptor (FcR), which have been known as their activation markers. T cells were also activated, as indicated by the induction of IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) and the enhanced expression of leucocyte function-associated molecule-1 (LFA-1) and ICAM-1, a pair of adhesion molecules which have also been regarded as T cell activation markers. CD4+ T cells preferentially accumulated in lungs, and proliferated in vitro by stimulation with heat-killed whole yeast cells, suggesting that at least some of the infiltrated T cells expand locally in response to the organisms. These results demonstrate that the activation of macrophages and T cells reactive to C. neoformans is induced in lungs after intratracheal inoculation of heat-killed organisms, and suggest that these cells interact to eliminate organisms more efficiently from the host.

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Selected References

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