Skip to main content
Clinical and Experimental Immunology logoLink to Clinical and Experimental Immunology
. 1984 Jun;56(3):545–552.

C-reactive protein and apoB containing lipoproteins are associated with Mycobacterium leprae in lesions of human leprosy.

M J Ridley, D S Ridley, F C De Beer, M B Pepys
PMCID: PMC1535994  PMID: 6378453

Abstract

Skin biopsies from patients with leprosy across the spectrum from tuberculoid (TT) to lepromatous (LL), including histoid lepromas and erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) reactions, were stained immunohistochemically for the presence of C-reactive protein (CRP) and the apolipoprotein, apoB. Mycobacterium leprae bacillary material comprising cell walls, cytoplasmic and soluble components was present with increasing abundance towards the lepromatous end of the spectrum and always stained positively with anti-CRP. M. leprae from armadillos did not stain with anti-human CRP indicating that the staining of M. leprae in human tissues was not due to a cross-reaction between anti-CRP and the organism itself. When CRP was present in large amounts apoB was also demonstrated in the same distribution. CRP was detected on bacilli and their degradation products within the cytoplasm of macrophages even in the absence of a raised serum CRP level in some ENL patients and also in two cases of advanced resolving lepromas. These findings demonstrate remarkable persistence of CRP in association with M. leprae in vivo, and raise intriguing questions about the possible role of CRP in relation to the handling of leprosy bacilli.

Full text

PDF
545

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Baltz M. L., de Beer F. C., Feinstein A., Munn E. A., Milstein C. P., Fletcher T. C., March J. F., Taylor J., Bruton C., Clamp J. R. Phylogenetic aspects of C-reactive protein and related proteins. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1982;389:49–75. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1982.tb22125.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Barnetson R. S., Bjune G., Pearson J. M., Kronvall G. Antigenic heterogeneity in patients with reactions in borderline leprosy. Br Med J. 1975 Nov 22;4(5994):435–437. doi: 10.1136/bmj.4.5994.435. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Cabana V. G., Gewurz H., Siegel J. N. Interaction of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) with rabbit C-reactive protein. J Immunol. 1982 May;128(5):2342–2348. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Curran R. C., Gregory J. Effects of fixation and processing on immunohistochemical demonstration of immunoglobulin in paraffin sections of tonsil and bone marrow. J Clin Pathol. 1980 Nov;33(11):1047–1057. doi: 10.1136/jcp.33.11.1047. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. De Beer F. C., Pepys M. B. Isolation of human C-reactive protein and serum amyloid P component. J Immunol Methods. 1982;50(1):17–31. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(82)90300-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Edwards K. M., Gewurz H., Lint T. F., Mold C. A role for C-reactive protein in the complement-mediated stimulation of human neutrophils by type 27 Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Immunol. 1982 Jun;128(6):2493–2496. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Godal T. Immunological aspects of leprosy--present status. Prog Allergy. 1978;25:211–242. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Harboe M., Closs O., Bjorvatn B., Kronvall G., Axelsen N. H. Antibody response in rabbits to immunization with Mycobacterium leprae. Infect Immun. 1977 Dec;18(3):792–805. doi: 10.1128/iai.18.3.792-805.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Harboe M., Closs O., Reitan L. J., Draper P. Demonstration of antibodies reacting with different determinants on Mycobacterium leprae antigen 7. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis. 1981 Jun;49(2):147–158. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Languillon J., Ndiaye J. M., Roux G. La Biologie du lépreux africain. A propos de 442 observations. Acta Leprol. 1981 Jan-Mar;(82):7–56. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Liu T. Y., Robey F. A., Wang C. M. Structural studies on C-reactive protein. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1982;389:151–162. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1982.tb22133.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Malaviya A. N., Pasricha A., Pasricha J. S., Mehta J. S. Significance of serologic abnormalities in lepromatous leprosy. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis. 1972 Oct-Dec;40(4):361–365. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Mold C., Du Clos T. W., Nakayama S., Edwards K. M., Gewurz H. C-reactive protein reactivity with complement and effects on phagocytosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1982;389:251–262. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1982.tb22141.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Mold C., Nakayama S., Holzer T. J., Gewurz H., Du Clos T. W. C-reactive protein is protective against Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in mice. J Exp Med. 1981 Nov 1;154(5):1703–1708. doi: 10.1084/jem.154.5.1703. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Nagpurkar A., Mookerjea S. A novel phosphorylcholine-binding protein from rat serum and its effect on heparin-lipoprotein complex formation in the presence of calcium. J Biol Chem. 1981 Jul 25;256(14):7440–7446. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Narkates A. J., Volanakis J. E. C-reactive protein binding specificities: artificial and natural phospholipid bilayers. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1982;389:172–182. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1982.tb22135.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Pepys M. B., Baltz M. L. Acute phase proteins with special reference to C-reactive protein and related proteins (pentaxins) and serum amyloid A protein. Adv Immunol. 1983;34:141–212. doi: 10.1016/s0065-2776(08)60379-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Pepys M. B. C-reactive protein fifty years on. Lancet. 1981 Mar 21;1(8221):653–657. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(81)91565-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Pontet M., Ayrault-Jarrier M., Burdin J., Gelin M., Engler R. Préparation et forme sérique de la protéine réactive C de lapin. Biochimie. 1979;61(11-12):1293–1299. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. RABSON A. S. C-reactive protein in serum of patients with leprosy. Int J Lepr. 1955 Apr-Jun;23(2):155–161. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Ridley D. S. Histological classification and the immunological spectrum of leprosy. Bull World Health Organ. 1974;51(5):451–465. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Ridley M. J., Ridley D. S. The immunopathology of erythema nodosum leprosum: the role of extravascular complexes. Lepr Rev. 1983 Jun;54(2):95–107. doi: 10.5935/0305-7518.19830015. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Ridley M. J., Ridley D. S. Unique expression of HLA-DR (Ia-like) antigen in the lesions of polar tuberculoid leprosy. Lepr Rev. 1982 Dec;53(4):249–252. doi: 10.5935/0305-7518.19820030. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Ridley M. J., Russell D. F., Ridley D. S. An immunoperoxidase study of immunological factors in skin lesions across the spectrum of leprosy. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis. 1982 Mar;50(1):11–19. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Ridley M. J., Russell D. An immunoperoxidase study of immunological factors in high immune and low resistance granulomas in leprosy. J Pathol. 1982 Jun;137(2):149–157. doi: 10.1002/path.1711370208. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Ridley M. J. The degradation of Mycobacterium leprae by a comparison of its staining properties. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis. 1983 Jun;51(2):211–218. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Rowe I. F., Soutar A. K., Trayner I. M., Baltz M. L., de Beer F. C., Walker L., Bowyer D., Herbert J., Feinstein A., Pepys M. B. Rabbit and rat C-reactive proteins bind apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins. J Exp Med. 1984 Feb 1;159(2):604–616. doi: 10.1084/jem.159.2.604. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Srivastava L. M., Agarwal D. P., Goedde H. W., Rohde R. Biochemical, immunological and genetic studies in leprosy. II. Profile of immunoglobulins, complement components and C-reactive protein in sera of leprosy patients and healthy controls. Tropenmed Parasitol. 1975 Jun;26(2):212–218. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Volanakis J. E. Complement activation by C-reactive protein complexes. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1982;389:235–250. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1982.tb22140.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Yother J., Volanakis J. E., Briles D. E. Human C-reactive protein is protective against fatal Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in mice. J Immunol. 1982 May;128(5):2374–2376. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. de Beer F. C., Baltz M. L., Munn E. A., Feinstein A., Taylor J., Bruton C., Clamp J. R., Pepys M. B. Isolation and characterization of C-reactive protein and serum amyloid P component in the rat. Immunology. 1982 Jan;45(1):55–70. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. de Beer F. C., Soutar A. K., Baltz M. L., Trayner I. M., Feinstein A., Pepys M. B. Low density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein are selectively bound by aggregated C-reactive protein. J Exp Med. 1982 Jul 1;156(1):230–242. doi: 10.1084/jem.156.1.230. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Clinical and Experimental Immunology are provided here courtesy of British Society for Immunology

RESOURCES